Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid normalizes hippocampal omega-3 and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profile, attenuates glial activation and regulates BDNF function in a rodent model of neuroinflammation induced by central interleukin-1β administration

Dong, Yilong; Xu, Min; Kalueff, Allan V.; Song, Cai

doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1462-7

Cited by 68 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Animals were divided into four groups (n = 10) as follows: CT (palm oil supplemented diet); CUMS (CUMS+ palm oil supplemented diet); CUMS + EPA (CUMS + EPA supplemented diet); CUMS + DHA (CUMS + DHA supplemented diet). Rats were fed a diet consisting of regular chow powder (Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Zhanjiang, China) mixed with 1% palm oil (GuoYang Biotech Company, Guangzhou, China) or 1% ethyl-EPA (96% pure) (Renpu pharmaceutical co. LTD, Suzhou, China) or 1% DHA (96% pure) (Renpu pharmaceutical co. LTD, Suzhou, China), as described previously [22,47]. Palm oil was chosen as the control diet since it contains low amounts of n-6 fatty acids and negligible amounts of n-3 fatty acids, and has comparable caloric values [21].…”

Section: Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with lower n-3 PUFAs levels and higher serum n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio are associated with greater depressive symptoms [19,20]. Previously, we have reported that n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can reduce inflammation and up-regulate neurotrophin expression [21][22][23][24], thereby improving depression-like behaviors in olfactory bulbectomized rats, a valid depression model via anti-inflammation and the upregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) [25]. As important components of cell membrane, both n-3 PUFAs EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are potent activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), which can inhibit inflammation [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EPA is More Effective than DHA to Improve Depression-Like Behavior, Glia Cell Dysfunction and Hippcampal Apoptosis Signaling in a Chronic Stress-Induced Rat Model of Depression

Peng

Cai

Yan

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Clinical evidence indicated that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was more effective than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in depression treatment. However, possible mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced model of depression was used to compare EPA and DHA anti-depressant effects. After EPA or DHA feeding, depression-like behavior, brain n-3/n-6 PUFAs profile, serum corticosterone and cholesterol concentration, hippocampal neurotransmitters, microglial and astrocyte related function, as well as neuronal apoptosis and survival signaling pathways were studied. EPA was more effective than DHA to ameliorate CUMS-induced body weight loss, and depression-like behaviors, such as increasing sucrose preference, shortening immobility time and increasing locomotor activity. CUMS-induced corticosterone elevation was reversed by bother fatty acids, while increased cholesterol was only reduced by EPA supplement. Lower hippocampal noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations in CUMS rats were also reversed by both EPA and DHA supplement. However, even though CUMS-induced microglial activation and associated increased IL-1β were inhibited by both EPA and DHA supplement, increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels were only reduced by EPA. Compared to DHA, EPA could improve CUMS-induced suppressive astrocyte biomarkers and associated BDNF-TrkB signaling. Moreover, EPA was more effective than DHA to attenuate CUMS-induced higher hippocampal NGF, GDNF, NF-κB, p38, p75, and bax expressions, but reversed bcl-2 reduction. This study for the first time revealed the mechanisms by which EPA was more powerful than DHA in anti-inflammation, normalizing astrocyte and neurotrophin function and regulating NF-κB, p38 and apoptosis signaling. These findings reveal the different mechanisms of EPA and DHA in clinical depression treatment.

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Section: Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPA is More Effective than DHA to Improve Depression-Like Behavior, Glia Cell Dysfunction and Hippcampal Apoptosis Signaling in a Chronic Stress-Induced Rat Model of Depression

Peng

Cai

Yan

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Omega-3 fatty acids also increase the phagocytosis of myelin debris and extracellular Aβ peptide to clear the brain environment in AD, which is the major cause of neuroinflammation (Fig. 2) [53,70,73,99]. The levels of DHA and EPA are found to be drastically reduced with aging in the AD brain; this suggests the vital role of omega-3 fatty acids in the brain [98].…”

Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acids Influence Anti-inflammatory Phenotype Ofmentioning

confidence: 96%

Role of dietary fatty acids in microglial polarization in Alzheimer’s disease

Desale

Chinnathambi

2020

J Neuroinflammation

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Microglial polarization is an utmost important phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease that influences the brain environment. Polarization depends upon the types of responses that cells undergo, and it is characterized by receptors present on the cell surface and the secreted cytokines to the most. The expression of receptors on the surface is majorly influenced by internal and external factors such as dietary lipids. Types of fatty acids consumed through diet influence the brain environment and glial cell phenotype and types of receptors on microglia. Reports suggest that dietary habits influence microglial polarization and the switching of microglial phenotype is very important in neurodegenerative diseases. Omega-3 fatty acids have more influence on the brain, and they are found to regulate the inflammatory stage of microglia by fine-tuning the number of receptors expressed on microglia cells. In Alzheimer's disease, one of the pathological proteins involved is Tau protein, and microtubuleassociated protein upon abnormal phosphorylation detaches from the microtubule and forms insoluble aggregates. Aggregated proteins have a tendency to propagate within the neurons and also become one of the causes of neuroinflammation. We hypothesize that tuning microglia towards anti-inflammatory phenotype would reduce the propagation of Tau in Alzheimer's disease.

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“…This effect is accompanied by improvements in cognitive function [127]. EPA supplementation appears to improve glial overactivation and to have effects on n3/n6 imbalance and the negative regulation of BDNF, which contribute to the anti-inflammatory actions [128]. The same supplementation, given as part of the OmegAD study, induces the regulation of different genes involved in inflammation, e.g., CD63, MAN2A1, CASP4, LOC399491, NAIP and SORL1 and in ubiqutination processes, e.g., ANAPC5 and UBE2V1 [129].…”

Section: Cytoprotective Effects Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids Nutrients in Parkinson and Alzheimer’s Diseases: Cell Death and Cytoprotection

Nury

Lizard

Véjux

2020

IJMS

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Neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, have common features: protein accumulation, cell death with mitochondrial involvement and oxidative stress. Patients are treated to cure the symptoms, but the treatments do not target the causes; so, the disease is not stopped. It is interesting to look at the side of nutrition which could help prevent the first signs of the disease or slow its progression in addition to existing therapeutic strategies. Lipids, whether in the form of vegetable or animal oils or in the form of fatty acids, could be incorporated into diets with the aim of preventing neurodegenerative diseases. These different lipids can inhibit the cytotoxicity induced during the pathology, whether at the level of mitochondria, oxidative stress or apoptosis and inflammation. The conclusions of the various studies cited are oriented towards the preventive use of oils or fatty acids. The future of these lipids that can be used in therapy/prevention will undoubtedly involve a better delivery to the body and to the brain by utilizing lipid encapsulation.

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Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid normalizes hippocampal omega-3 and 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profile, attenuates glial activation and regulates BDNF function in a rodent model of neuroinflammation induced by central interleukin-1β administration

Abstract: Supplementation with EPA appear to have potential effects on improving glial over-activation, n3/n6 imbalance and BDNF down-regulation, which contribute to anti-inflammatory and may provide beneficial effects on inflammation-associated disease such as AD.

Cited by 68 publications

References 43 publications

EPA is More Effective than DHA to Improve Depression-Like Behavior, Glia Cell Dysfunction and Hippcampal Apoptosis Signaling in a Chronic Stress-Induced Rat Model of Depression

EPA is More Effective than DHA to Improve Depression-Like Behavior, Glia Cell Dysfunction and Hippcampal Apoptosis Signaling in a Chronic Stress-Induced Rat Model of Depression

Role of dietary fatty acids in microglial polarization in Alzheimer’s disease

Lipids Nutrients in Parkinson and Alzheimer’s Diseases: Cell Death and Cytoprotection

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