Dietary Effects on Metabolism of Yucatan Miniature Swine Selected for Low and High Glucose Utilization

Phillips, Robert W.; Westmoreland, Nelson; Panepinto, L M; Case, Gary L.

doi:10.1093/jn/112.1.104

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Females from this strain rapidly became obese, and some developed insulin resistance and diabetes and exhibited both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia during gestation and lactation. When these pigs were fed a high-fat diet and sucrose as the carbohydrate source, they had a marked increase in peripheral insulin concentration and prolonged elevation of plasma glucose (Phillips et al 1981). In this study, impaired glucose tolerance or dietary changes did not affect serum lipids except for an elevation in fasting free fatty acid concentration.…”

Section: Yucatan Minipigsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Swine Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin Resistance, Glucose Tolerance, and Cardiovascular Complications

Bellinger¹,

Merricks²,

Nichols³

2006

ILAR Journal

146

110

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In humans, diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a heterogeneous metabolic disorder. Swine have been used as a model for many human conditions including type 1 (insulindeficient) and type 2 (insulin-resistant) DM research because of their phenotypic similarities to humans including: cardiovascular anatomy and function, metabolism, lipoprotein profile, size, tendency to obesity, and omnivorous habits. There is phenotypic overlap between the two types of DM and pig models show characteristics and complications of both. Streptozotocin and alloxan have been used to create insulin deficient diabetes in pigs. One of the most unique and useful phenotypes is that these insulin-deficient pigs develop more severe coronary atherosclerosis than nondiabetic controls. It is not fully understood why patients with either type 1 or type 2 DM have increased severity and diffuseness of atherosclerosis compared with nondiabetic patients. The current human epidemic of type 2 DM and its attendant cardiovascular complications underscore the unmet need for creating a useful, readily available animal model of type 2 insulin resistant DM that also develops coronary artery atherosclerosis. The phenotypic susceptibility to coronary atherosclerosis makes pigs an attractive species to identify causative mechanisms. Suggested criteria for validation of an animal model of humanoid type 2 DM are described. The goal would be to develop a useful animal model for mechanistic studies as well as to develop and test novel therapeutics both for type 2 DM as well as its cardiovascular complications.

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Section: Yucatan Minipigsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Swine Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin Resistance, Glucose Tolerance, and Cardiovascular Complications

Bellinger¹,

Merricks²,

Nichols³

2006

ILAR Journal

146

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cohen as well as Laube et al (6,14) have suggested that high levels of sucrose in the diet (at least 50%) are required before diabetogenic effects occur in rats. Earlier work from this laboratory (24) has shown that re placing starch with up to 33.7% sucrose in the diet does not significantly alter glucose tolerance in Yucatan pigs. The alteration of fiber and fat content are thereby implicated as more significant factors influencing the changes that occurred.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Influence of Genetics and Diet on the Development of Diabetes in Yucatan Miniature Swine

Panepinto

Phillips

Westmoreland

et al. 1982

The Journal of Nutrition

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The intent of this study was to examine the effect of a diet nutritionally similar to that consumed by most Americans on Yucatan miniature swine that have been bred for enhanced and impaired glucose tolerance. Seventeen Yucatan miniature pigs from the glucose-intolerant line (low K) and 17 from the glucose-tolerant line (high K) were selected. The oral glucose tolerance (OGT) of both groups of pigs was determined. After the OGT test (OGTT), 13 low K pigs and 12 high K pigs were placed on the American Swine Diet (ASD). The remaining animals were left on the regular swine diet. After 5 months, the pigs were again tested with an OGTT. Mean plasma glucose levels observed during the OGTT showed significant differences between the low K and high K groups on ASD at all time intervals from 60 to 150 minutes postdosing. Serum insulin levels in the high K group were significantLy elevated over those in the low K group during the OGTT at 10, 20, and 30 minutes prediet, and at 10 minutes after 5 months on diet. Both low and high K groups showed a dietary effect with aN elevated plasma glucose response to an OGTT, although the mean increase was not significant in the high K group. In the low K group, plasma glucose levels were significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) over prediet values at 20, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. In addition, 7 out of the 10 low K pigs tested at 5 months developed insulin resistance, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes.

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“…Scientists have successfully genetically bred the Yucatan minipig for differential responsiveness to IVGTT 30 . In the 1970s, researchers at Colorado State University used selective breeding to develop two strains of Yucatan minipig with differing glucose tolerance: a 'low K' strain with a low glucose clearance rate and a 'high K' strain with a high glucose clearance rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research team succeeded at selectively breeding these minipigs by targeting differential carbohydrate metabolism using practical techniques. Because of issues with inbred animals of large sizes, however, the researchers were able to breed only five generations of the low K strain of minipigs and four generations of the high K strain of minipigs 30 . By the seventh generation, the phenotype of low glucose tolerance in the low K strain seemed to disappear 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The susceptibility of three strains of Chinese minipigs to diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus

Chen¹,

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2009

Lab Anim

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Researchers have extensively used animal models to study diabetes mellitus. In this study, the authors determined the susceptibility of three strains of Chinese minipigs to diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. For 8 months, the researchers fed Nongda control minipigs (n=4) a normal diet and fed Bama, Wuzhishan and Nongda minipigs (n=6 per group) a high-sucrose, high-fat diet. They measured the minipigs' body weights, fasting serum glucose concentrations and insulin concentrations each month. Every 2 months, they measured serum triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and carried out intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs). The Bama and Wuzhishan minipigs were relatively susceptible to diabetes induced by the high-sucrose, high-fat diet, though susceptibility differed among individual animals in the same strain. On the other hand, Nongda minipigs were relatively resistant to diet-induced diabetes. These results provide a foundation for diabetes-related genetic analyses in minipigs with high and low susceptibility to diet-induced type 2 diabetes.

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Dietary Effects on Metabolism of Yucatan Miniature Swine Selected for Low and High Glucose Utilization

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Swine Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin Resistance, Glucose Tolerance, and Cardiovascular Complications

Swine Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin Resistance, Glucose Tolerance, and Cardiovascular Complications

Influence of Genetics and Diet on the Development of Diabetes in Yucatan Miniature Swine

The susceptibility of three strains of Chinese minipigs to diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus

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