Dietary effects of propylene glycol alginate in humans

Anderson, D.M.W.; Brydon, W. G.; Eastwood, M. A.; Sedgwick, D M

doi:10.1080/02652039109373973

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, bile acid reabsorption was slightly increased by alginate treatment (68). High doses (175-200 mg kg -1 d -1 ) of sodium alginate and PGA administered for a period of 23 d did not affect serum cholesterol levels in a cohort of five young healthy men (95,96). The PGA increased fecal excretion of bile acids somewhat, but overall fat excretion was slightly lower following alginate supplementation (95).…”

Section: Evidence From Human Intervention Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…High doses (175–200 mg kg −1 d −1 ) of sodium alginate and PGA administered for a period of 23 d did not affect serum cholesterol levels in a cohort of five young healthy men . The PGA increased fecal excretion of bile acids somewhat, but overall fat excretion was slightly lower following alginate supplementation . No effect was found on plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels after 12‐week supplementation with the alginate‐based beverage compared to the control beverage .…”

Section: Effect Of Alginate On Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In longer‐term studies, as with other dietary fibres, the alginate tended to act mainly as a bulking agent at a level of 175–200 mg kg −1 body weight in healthy men , and GI symptoms were transient and not different between groups in the 12‐week weight loss trial . The World Health Organization reviewed daily intakes up to 45 g of alginate for 1–9 weeks and found that this level did not produce GI side effects in humans .…”

Section: Palatability and Tolerability Of Alginate Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal experiments have found that diets containing 5% sodium alginate or PGA did not induce diarrhoea or other changes in bowel habits following 30 d of supplementation in rats . Human studies assessed the GI tolerance of the alginate‐containing products, and generally the products were well tolerated .…”

Section: Palatability and Tolerability Of Alginate Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: efficacy of alginate supplementation in relation to appetite regulation and metabolic risk factors: evidence from animal and human studies

et al. 2012

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This review provides a critical update on human and animal studies investigating the effect of alginate supplementation on appetite regulation, glycaemic and insulinemic responses, and lipid metabolism with discussion of the evidence on potential mechanisms, efficacy and tolerability. Dependent on vehicle applied for alginate supplementation, the majority of animal and human studies suggest that alginate consumption does suppress satiety and to some extent energy intake. Only one long-term intervention trial found effects on weight loss. In addition, alginates seem to exhibit beneficial influence on postprandial glucose absorption and insulin response in animals and humans. However, alginate supplementation was only found to have cholesterol-lowering properties in animals. Several mechanisms have been suggested for the positive effect observed, which involve delayed gastric emptying, increased viscosity of digesta and slowed nutrient absorption in the small intestine upon alginate gel formation. Despite reasonable efficacy and tolerability from the acute or short-term studies, we still realize there is a critical need for development of optimal alginate types and vehicles as well as studies on further long-term investigation on alginate supplementation in humans before inferring that it could be useful in the management of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Evidence From Human Intervention Studiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Effect Of Alginate On Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Palatability and Tolerability Of Alginate Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Palatability and Tolerability Of Alginate Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: efficacy of alginate supplementation in relation to appetite regulation and metabolic risk factors: evidence from animal and human studies

et al. 2012

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“…In a study performed by Anderson et al (1991), a group of 15 male rats (strain not stated) received 5% propane-1,2-diol alginate (not further specified) in the diet (5,000 mg/kg bw per day) for 30 days; the control was not specified. No clinical signs were observed.…”

Section: Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of propane‐1,2‐diol alginate (E 405) as a food additive

Younes¹,

Aggett²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The present opinion deals with the re-evaluation of propane-1,2-diol alginate (E 405) when used as a food additive. The Panel noted that absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) data on propane-1,2-diol alginate gave evidence for the hydrolysis of this additive into propane-1,2-diol and alginic acid. These two compounds have been recently re-evaluated for their safety of use as food additives (EFSA ANS Panel, 2017. Consequently, the Panel considered in this opinion the major toxicokinetic and toxicological data of these two hydrolytic derivatives. No adverse effects were reported in subacute and subchronic dietary studies with propane-1,2-diol alginate. The available data did not indicate a genotoxic concern for propane-1,2-diol alginate (E 405) when used as a food additive. Propane-1,2-diol alginate, alginic acid and propane-1,2-diol were not of concern with respect to carcinogenicity. The Panel considered that any adverse effect of propane-1,2-diol alginate would be due to propane-1,2-diol. Therefore, the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of the food additive E 405 is determined by the amount of free propane-1,2-diol and the propane-1,2-diol released from the food additive after hydrolysis. According to the EU specification, the concentration of free and bound propane-1,2-diol amounts to a maximum of 45% on a weight basis. On the worst-case assumption that 100% of propane-1,2-diol would be systemically available and considering the ADI for propane-1,2-diol of 25 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, the Panel allocated an ADI of 55 mg/kg bw per day for propane-1,2-diol alginate. The Panel concluded that exposure estimates did not exceed the ADI in any of the population groups from the use of propane-1,2-diol alginate (E 405) as a food additive. Therefore, the Panel concluded that there is no safety concern at the authorised use levels.

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Refunctionalization of the Gut

Bengmark¹

2000

Multiple Organ Failure

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Dietary effects of propylene glycol alginate in humans

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Review: efficacy of alginate supplementation in relation to appetite regulation and metabolic risk factors: evidence from animal and human studies

Review: efficacy of alginate supplementation in relation to appetite regulation and metabolic risk factors: evidence from animal and human studies

Re‐evaluation of propane‐1,2‐diol alginate (E 405) as a food additive

Refunctionalization of the Gut

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