Dietary delivery of acetate to the colon using acylated starches as a carrier exerts anxiolytic effects in mice

Kimura-Todani, Tae; Hata, Takehisa; Miyata, Noriyuki; Takakura, Satoshi; Yoshihara, Kazufumi; Zhang, Xue Ting; Asano, Yoki; Altaisaikhan, Altanzul; Tsukahara, Takamitsu; Sudo, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113004

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, a high acetate concentration induced by the LPS injection may have been a biological response in mice against inflammation. Recently, Kimura-Todani et al suggested that a high release of acetate into the large intestine decreased the anxiety-like behavior of BALB/c mice [40]. Therefore, the habituation results in the present study could also be associated with a high production of acetate caused by LPS injections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Therefore, the habituation results in the present study could also be associated with a high production of acetate caused by LPS injections. This speculation remained unaddressed as we did not carry out the marble burying and elevated plus-maze tests that Kimura-Todani et al did to determine anxiety-like behavior [40]. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the high concentrations of acetate found in samples were truly associated or not with the scores obtained from the habituation test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Consecutive intra-gingival injections of lipopolysaccharide and butyric acid to mice induce abnormal behavior and changes in cytokine concentrations

Tsukahara

Toyoda

Kawase

et al. 2020

J Neuroinflammation

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Background Periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis produce several metabolites, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and n-butyric acid (BA). Past work suggested that periodontal infection may cause cognitive impairment in mice. Aims To elucidate the mechanisms by which metabolites such as LPS and BA, resulting from Porphyromonas gingivalis activity, induce immunological and physiological abnormalities in mice. Methods In the present work, 28 male ICR mice were placed in an open-field arena and the total distance (cm/600 s) they covered was recorded. Based on their moving distances, mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 7) and injected the following substances into their gingival tissues for 32 consecutive days: saline (C), 5 mmol/L of BA (B), 1 μg/mouse of LPS (L), and BA-LPS (BL) solutions. Distances covered by mice were also measured on days 14 and 21, with their habituation scores considered as “(moving distance on day 14 or 21)/(moving distance on day 0)”. Afterwards, mice were dissected, and hippocampal gene expression and the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters and cytokines in their blood plasma and brains were analyzed. In addition, mouse brain and liver tissues were fixed and visually assessed for histopathological abnormalities. Results Group BL had significantly higher habituation scores than C and B on day 14. LPS induced higher habituation scores on day 21. LPS induced significant decreases in the mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factors, and an increase in neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2. In both plasma and brain, LPS induced a significant acetate increase. Moreover, LPS significantly increased acetylcholine in brain. In plasma alone, LPS and BA significantly decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). However, while LPS significantly decreased tyrosine, BA significantly increased it. Lastly, LPS significantly decreased IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor in plasma. No histopathological abnormalities were detected in liver or brain tissues of mice. Conclusion We showed that injections of LPS and/or BA induced mice to move seemingly tireless and that both LPS and BA injections strongly induced a reduction of MCP-1 in blood plasma. We concluded that LPS and BA may have been crucial to induce and/or aggravate abnormal behavior in mice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Consecutive intra-gingival injections of lipopolysaccharide and butyric acid to mice induce abnormal behavior and changes in cytokine concentrations

Tsukahara

Toyoda

Kawase

et al. 2020

J Neuroinflammation

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“…Butyrate administration has been shown to have anti-depressant effects in mice [81][82][83] . When SCFA in the colon were experimentally increased by feeding acylated starches in mice, it was shown that higher acetate concentrations, but not butyrate or propionate, led to a reduction in anxiety-like behaviours, suggesting that acetate may have a beneficial impact on host behaviour 84 . Chronically stressed mice orally supplemented with a mixture of acetate, propionate and butyrate showed normalized reward-seeking behaviour and increased stress responsiveness 85 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are associated with tail biting in pigs

Verbeek

Keeling

Landberg

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Tail biting is an abnormal behaviour that causes stress, injury and pain. Given the critical role of the gut-microbiota in the development of behavioural problems in humans and animals, the aim of this study was to determine whether pigs that are biters, victims of tail biting or controls (nine matched sets of pigs) have a different microbiota composition, diversity and microbial metabolite profile. We collected faecal and blood samples from each individual for analysis. The gut microbiota composition was most different between the biter and the control pigs, with a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in tail biter pigs than the controls. Furthermore, we detected differences in faecal and plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles between the biter and victim pigs, suggesting physiological differences even though they are kept in the same pen. Thus, in addition to supporting an association between the gut microbiota and tail biting in pigs, this study also provides the first evidence of an association between tail biting and SCFA. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these associations, to determine causality and to study how the SCFA profiles of an individual play a role in the development of tail biting behaviour.

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“…SCFAs also contribute to the regulation of the mucosal immunity, including the production of regulatory T cells [ 35 ]. A recent report suggested that acetate produced in the large intestine may exert an anxiolytic effect on the host [ 36 ], which may have contributed to better reproductivity of sows in group H.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Productivity and Fecal Microbiotas of Sows in Commercial Farms

Uryu

Tsukahara

Ishikawa³

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Sow productivity, that is, the number of weaned piglets per sow per year, depends on their health status. The gut microbiota is considered a crucial factor in the health of pigs and may affect sow productivity. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between productivity and the fecal microbiotas of sows in different farms. Feces of sows were collected from 18 farms (10 samples/farm). A total of 90 fecal samples of high-reproductive performance farms were labeled as group H, and 90 fecal samples from low-reproductive performance farms were labeled as group L. Fecal microbiotas were analyzed by 16S rRNA metagenomics, and the organic acids and putrefactive metabolites of the microbiotas were measured. β-diversity was significantly different between groups H and L (p < 0.01), and the relative abundances of 43 bacterial genera, including short-chain fatty acid-producing and fiber-degrading bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter and Butyricicoccus, significantly differed between groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the concentrations of acetate, propionate and n-butyrate were significantly higher in group H than in group L (p < 0.05). In conclusion, sow productivity in farms was likely associated with the compositions of the fecal microbiotas.

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Dietary delivery of acetate to the colon using acylated starches as a carrier exerts anxiolytic effects in mice

Cited by 12 publications

References 69 publications

Consecutive intra-gingival injections of lipopolysaccharide and butyric acid to mice induce abnormal behavior and changes in cytokine concentrations

Consecutive intra-gingival injections of lipopolysaccharide and butyric acid to mice induce abnormal behavior and changes in cytokine concentrations

The gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are associated with tail biting in pigs

Comparison of Productivity and Fecal Microbiotas of Sows in Commercial Farms

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