Dietary curcumin supplementation can enhance health and resistance to ammonia stress in the greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili)

Abstract

We evaluated the effect of dietary curcumin supplementation on the antioxidant capacity of the liver and the resistance of the liver and spleen to ammonia stress in the great amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic test diets were prepared by supplementing incremental levels of dietary curcumin at 0 mg/kg (CUR0%, control), 100 mg/kg (CUR0.01%), and 200 mg/kg (CUR0.02%), respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 15 fish per tank. At the end of the feeding experiment, dietary curcumin supplementation positively modulated antioxidant-related genes and enzyme activity in liver tissues. After the ammonia challenge, dietary supplementation with the appropriate level of curcumin alleviated ammonia stress in liver tissue by upregulating the relative expression of GSH-Px and downregulating the relative expression of Keap1 and GR. Meanwhile, ammonia stress in spleen tissue could also be alleviated by upregulating the relative expression of CAT, downregulating the relative expression of GR, and increasing the activity of SOD and GSH. After the recovery, dietary supplementation with curcumin still alleviated ammonia stress in the liver tissue by upregulating the relative expression of CAT, downregulating the relative expression of Keap1 and GR, and increasing the activity of SOD and GSH. On the other hand, ammonia stress in spleen tissue was still alleviated by upregulating the relative expression of Mn-SOD and increasing the activity of SOD and GSH. The histological structure results also showed that liver cells in the curcumin-containing groups exhibited a positive impact on cell boundaries, alignment, and nuclei after the ammonia challenge and recovery. Spleen cells in the curcumin-containing groups exhibited greater aggregation of melano-macrophage centers after the ammonia challenge and recovery. These results suggest that dietary curcumin supplementation at 100 mg/kg can promote the health condition and resistance to ammonia stress of the greater amberjack.

The Effects of Acute Ammonia Nitrogen Stress on Antioxidant Ability, Phosphatases, and Related Gene Expression in the Kidney of Juvenile Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares)

“…Based on prior studies [31][32][33], 0 mg/L (natural seawater) was used as the control group, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was set at 5 and 10 mg/L, respectively, and the experiment was set up with three replicates, where analytically pure ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) (99.5% purity, Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd., Foshan, China) was added to seawater, dissolved, and configured into a masterbatch of 10 g/L as the ammonia nitrogen source. The relevant calculation formulas are as follows: Supplementing ammonia nitrogen in terms of mass (mg) = The volume of water (L) × The difference in ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L).…”

“…The reaction mixture totaled 20 µL, comprising 10 µL of 2 × RealUniversal PreMix, 0.6 µL forward primer (10 µM concentration), 0.6ul reverse primer (10um concentration), 6.8 µL of RNase-free ddH 2 O, and 2 µL of the cDNA template (the cDNA contains 1000 nanograms.) [31,32]. Real-time PCR analyses were conducted using a fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument (Langji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China), with the specific parameters of the reaction outlined in Table 2.…”

Curcumin as a Potential Antioxidant in Stress Regulation of Terrestrial, Avian, and Aquatic Animals: A Review

“…By contrast, curcumin could improve these negative impacts on kidney macrophage of Yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco related to the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway [118] (Table 6). Referring to juvenile greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili), the dietary curcumin supplementation suppressed stress symptoms in the liver, spleen, intestinal, and gill by upregulating the relative expression of CAT and Mn-SOD, increasing immune enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity, and significantly promoting hepatic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) levels [12,119,120] (Table 6). ↓number of apoptotic cells.…”

The impact of curcumin on livestock and poultry animal's performance and management of insect pests

“…Another approach is to isolate the natural substances from plants and their by-products used as traditional medicines in the past (4), including flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, etc. (1,5,6).…”