Dietary copper requirement of fingerlingChanna punctatus(Bloch) based on growth, feed conversion, blood parameters and whole body copper concentration

Abstract

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to estimate the dietary copper requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus. Six caseinÀgelatin-based test diets (450 g kg À1 crude protein; 18.81 kJ g À1 gross energy) with graded levels of copper as copper sulphate (3.7, 4.7, 5.7, 6.7, 7.7 and 8.7 mg copper equivalent kg À1 diet) were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of fish (7.25 AE 0.81 cm; 5.21 AE 0.27 g) near to satiation. Fish fed diet with 6.7 mg kg À1 copper had highest absolute weight gain (AWG; 51.63 g fish À1 ), protein efficiency ratio (PER; 1.42 g fish À1 ), protein gain (PG; 8.34 g fish À1 ), haemoglobin (Hb; 9.68 g dL À1 ), haematocrit (Hct; 31.18%) and RBCs (3.24 9 10 6 9 mm À3 ). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found to be best (1.57) at above level of dietary copper. Whole body copper concentration was found to increase with the increasing levels of dietary copper. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration was found to decrease with increasing dietary concentrations of copper up to 6.7 mg kg À1 beyond which a reverse trend in this parameter was noted. Broken-line regression analysis of AWG, FCR and PG concentrations against varying levels of dietary copper yielded the requirement in the range of 6.66-6.78 mg kg À1 . Data generated during this study would be useful in formulating copperbalanced commercial feeds for the intensive culture of this fish.

Effect of dietary microminerals in early weaning diets on growth, survival, mineral contents and gene expression in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L) larvae

“…Besides, dietary Cu upregulated CuZnsod expression in whole body in comparison with non‐Cu‐supplemented diet (C−), increasing the protection against peroxidation. In agreement, in juveniles of different fish species fed deficient dietary Cu levels, both growth and superoxide dismutase activity in juveniles of different fish fed deficient dietary Cu levels are increased by the elevation of dietary Cu (Abdel‐Hameid, Zehra, & Khan, 2017; Shiau & Ning, 2003; Tan, Luo, Liu, & Xie, 2011; Tang et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2015, 2018). The lower values in cat expression agree well with the increased protection against oxidation by the upregulation of CuZnsod .…”

Dietary niacin requirement of fingerlingChanna punctatus(Bloch)

“…Channa punctatus is a valuable freshwater fish species. Since importance of murrels for hastening the healing of wounds and internal injuries has been reported by Yaakob and Ali (1992), this species is gaining attention as a cultured freshwater fish for medicinal purposes in the Asian market (Nassr, Zehra, & Khan, 2017). The culture of fish depends on artificial feed which is formulated in keeping with the information available on nutritional requirements of fish species.…”

“…The culture of fish depends on artificial feed which is formulated in keeping with the information available on nutritional requirements of fish species. The production of this fish is not organized due to the lack of nutritionally-balanced feeds (Nassr et al, 2017). Although some studies have been focused on nutritional aspect (Marimuthu, Arokiaraj, & Haniffa, 2009;Jindal, Yadava, Jain, & Gupta, 2010;Zehra & Khan, 2012a, 2012bNassr, Khan, & Abidi, 2012;Nassr et al, 2017) of C. punctatus, no published data is available on niacin requirement of this fish.…”

Dietary riboflavin requirement of fingerlingChanna punctatus(Bloch) based on growth, conversion efficiencies, protein retention, liver riboflavin storage, RNA/DNA ratio and carcass composition

“…The production of this fish is not organized due to the lack of nutritionally balanced feeds. Although some studies have been focused on nutritional aspect such as diet quality (Marimuthu et al, 2009); protein (Jindal, Yadava, Jain, & Gupta, 2010;Zehra & Khan, 2012); vitamin E (Nassr, Khan, & Abidi, 2012) and copper (Nassr, Zehra, & Khan, 2016) of C. punctatus, information on riboflavin requirement of C. punctatus is lacking. Hence, this study was undertaken to generate data on its riboflavin requirement with a view to develop riboflavin-balanced commercial feeds for its intensive culture.…”