Dietary clays alleviate diarrhea of weaned pigs1

Song, Min Ho; Liu, Yan Y.; Soares, José Ailton Rodrigues; Tung, Min‐Che; Osuna, O; Maddox, Carol W.; Pettigrew, J. E.

doi:10.2527/jas.2010-3662

Cited by 69 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the current study, E. coli challenge significantly impaired piglet performance, resulting in reduced ADG and G : F ratio in the week after the challenge and, consequently, a reduced ADG in the following week. These results are in agreement with those of other authors (Liu et al, 2010;Song et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2013). In our study, PE supplementation improved G : F only in non-challenged piglets with an AD feeding regimen; no further beneficial effect on growth performance was found during the enteric E. coli challenge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…For growth performance, faecal scores and microbial counts, a model for a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was applied. The model statement included the effects of treatment (CT or PE), feeding regime (AD or RE), E. coli challenge (− or + ), and interactions among those factors, as suggested by Song et al (2012). The pen represented the experimental unit for these parameters.…”

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Administration of a novel plant extract product via drinking water to post-weaning piglets: effects on performance and gut health

Bontempo

Jiang

Cheli

et al. 2014

Animal

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The present study evaluated the effects of a novel plant extract (PE) product (Grazix TM ) on the performance and gut health of weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli. The PE was a standardised mixture of green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) and pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) obtained by using the LiveXtract TM process. A total of 144 piglets were weaned at 24 days and allocated to 8 for a 35-day experiment with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design comparing different treatments (water without product (CT) or 8 μl/kg per day PE in drinking water (PE)), feeding regimens (ad libitum (AD) or restricted (RE)) and oral E. coli challenges on day 9 (sham (− ) or infected ( + )). There were six pens per group with three piglets per pen. On day 35, 24 of the RE feeding piglets were slaughtered. It was found that PE supplementation increased the average daily gain (ADG) from day 28 to day 35 ( P = 0.03) and increased the gain to feed ratio (G : F) from day 7 to day 14 ( P = 0.02). RE feeding led to lower feed intake in piglets during the 1 st week ( P < 0.01), 2 nd week ( P = 0.06), 3 rd week ( P = 0.05), and throughout the course of the overall study period ( P = 0.05). E. coli challenge decreased the ADG and G : F ratio from day 7 to day 14 ( P = 0.08 and < 0.01, respectively) and increased the faecal score (higher values indicate more severe diarrhoea) on days 14, 21, 28 and 35 ( P < 0.01). PE supplementation decreased the faecal score in the challenged piglets during the 1 st week post-challenge ( P < 0.01). E. coli challenge increased the faecal E. coli level on day 14 ( P = 0.03) and increased the Enterobacteriaceae level on day 35 ( P < 0.01). Reduced faecal E. coli was observed on days 14 and 35 ( P = 0.05 and 0.02, respectively), and reduced Enterobacteriaceae ( P < 0.01) was found on day 35 in the PE animals. RE feeding increased the faecal Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli levels on day 35 ( P = 0.02, < 0.01 and < 0.01, respectively). These results suggest that PE supplementation may improve the gut health status of post-weaning piglets and counteract some of the negative effects that occur when piglets are challenged with E. coli.Keywords: Escherichia coli, gut health, performance, piglet, plant extract ImplicationsThis study investigated the effects of a novel plant extract product that was added to the drinking water for weaned piglets. Different feeding regimens were tested, and the effects of the extract on growth performance, gut health and protection against Escherichia coli challenge were observed. The results showed that the plant extract may represent a useful additive for improving gut health and microbial ecology and reducing the severity of an E. coli challenge. The results may have a significant impact on nutritional management in conventional farms. Use of the plant extract could enable piglets to better withstand the infections that are often associated with weaning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of a novel plant extract product via drinking water to post-weaning piglets: effects on performance and gut health

Bontempo

Jiang

Cheli

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…The CPL has shown to be effective as growth-promoting (68), immunostimulating (24) and gut health restoring anti-bacterial (21) dietary supplement in food animals, particularly in swine. The natural zeolite supplement did not affect growth rate of weaned pigs, but alleviated experimentally induced diarrhea (66). Similarly, the AZ-fed pigs didn't show differences in weight gain and feed conversion ratio, but their serum IgG levels were increased and they had reduced E. coli count (65).…”

Section: Frey Et Al (42)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Zeolite clinoptilolite nanoporous feed additive for animals of veterinary importance: potentials and limitations

et al. 2017

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I n the past two decades many substances of natural or synthetic origin were studied as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) and some of them, particularly immunomodulators (IMs) and nutraceuticals (NCs), have shown to be capable of stimulating functions of the immune system and improving general health. At the same time, they were shown to be harmless for animals and the environment. Promising results have been obtained with natural clay minerals, zeolites among which clinoptilolite (CPL) is the best known as zootechnical and biomedical feed ingredient widely reported in scientific literature and used in farm animal nutrition. CPL has a potential to replace AGP due to its unique anti-bacterial properties, safety and efficacy as dietary supplement in food animals unifying potentials of an IM and NC. Currently, there INTRODUCTIONT he phrase "survival of the fittest" as an alternative to "natural selection" has been adopted and published in 1868 by Charles Darwin (1), and nowadays is becoming so true because of the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of pathogenic microbes of biomedical, particularly veterinary importance. This is a consequence of non-clinical use and misuse of dietary antibiotics for more than sixty years to prevent bacterial infections and to enhance performance in livestock production, mostly in chickens and pigs (2). Namely, the increased sanitary problems in intensive farming of food animals have been overcome thus far by adding sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) infeed to enhance production efficiency by increasing growth rate, improv- ing feed utilization and reducing mortality from clinical disease is well documented particularly in swine production systems (3). However, the consumers especially in developed countries are becoming increasingly concerned about drug residues in meat and other animal products (4). In addition, it has been suggested that the continuous use of antibiotics may contribute to a reservoir of drugresistant bacteria (5) which may be capable of transferring their resistance to pathogenic bacteria in both animals and humans (6). As a result, many countries have banned or are banning the inclusion of antibiotics in diets as a routine means of growth promotion. The first experience of an AGP ban in Sweden in 1986 indicated a reduction in growth and an increase in morbidity and mortality rates in weaned pigs, which emphasized the importance of antibiotic use in intensive swine production(7). The total ban of dietary AGP in the EU countries since January 1, 2006 (EU Regulation No. 1831 and the elimination of their use in animal feed and water in the USA effective January 1, 2017 (FDA, CVM 2012, VFD Basics 2017) has had a serious influence on both health and performance of food animals underlining the need to develop alternative dietary and non-dietary strategies to evaluate the potential antimicrobial agents for their replacement (8). According to the World Health Organization, most antibiotics will not ...

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“…Values are means ± SE. † †Significantly different between control and challenge, P < 0.05. rather than growth of weaned pigs (Liu et al, 2013;Nagy and Fekete, 2005;Song et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pathogenic E. coli on diarrhea, growth performance, and blood profile of weaned pigs

Song¹,

Jang

Kim³

et al. 2015

Korean Journal of Agricultural Science

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:The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of pathogenic Escherichia coli on diarrhea, growth performance, and blood profile of weaned pigs. A total of 48 pigs were used and housed in individual pens of disease containment chambers for 16 d (4 d before and 12 d after the first challenge [d0]). The treatments were with or without the pathogenic E. coli challenge (F-18 E. coli strain; heat-labile, heat-stable, and Shiga-like toxins). Pigs were orally inoculated with a dose of 10 10 cfu E. coli per 3 mL PBS daily for 3 days. The common nursery diet and water were available at all times. The ADG, ADFI, G:F, diarrhea score, ratio of fecal β-hemolytic coliforms from total coliforms (RHT), and blood profile were measured. The pathogenic E. coli reduced (P < 0.05) ADG from d0 to 6 (117 vs. 297 g/d) and from d0 to 12 (377 vs. 238 g/d) compared with the control. Meanwhile, the pathogenic E. coli increased (P < 0.05) diarrhea score (average 3.4 vs. 1.4) and RHT (average 82 vs. 11%) on d3, 6, and 9 and the number of white blood cells (17.59 vs. 13.48 x10 3 /μL) on d6 compared with the control. No differences were found on ADFI and others in the blood profile (total protein and hematocrit). In conclusion, pathogenic E. coli used in this experiment successfully caused mild diarrhea, increased number of white blood cells, and adversely affected growth rate of weaned pigs.

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Dietary clays alleviate diarrhea of weaned pigs1

Cited by 69 publications

References 27 publications

Administration of a novel plant extract product via drinking water to post-weaning piglets: effects on performance and gut health

Administration of a novel plant extract product via drinking water to post-weaning piglets: effects on performance and gut health

Zeolite clinoptilolite nanoporous feed additive for animals of veterinary importance: potentials and limitations

Effects of pathogenic E. coli on diarrhea, growth performance, and blood profile of weaned pigs

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