Dietary changes in early-stage breast cancer patients from pre-surgery and over the 12 months post-surgery

Brunvoll, Sonja Hjellegjerde; Thune, Inger; Bertheussen, Gro F.; Fjeldheim, Frøydis Nyborg; Flote, Vidar Gordon; Frydenberg, Hanne; Lundgren, Steinar; Skjerven, Helle; Lømo, Jon; Fagerland, Morten Wang; McTiernan, Anne; Schlichting, Ellen; Hjartåker, Anette

doi:10.1017/s0007114520002627

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Together it seems that there is a trend toward a higher level for reporting a day as unusual over time, or possibly there are more unusual days with a low energy intake 3 weeks post-surgery than 12 months post-surgery. We have also previously demonstrated among these patients that they did not change their BMI during the same 12-month post-surgery period [ 17 ]. The mean unusual day represents a day with a higher energy intake and a less healthy dietary pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…although there were minor differences in the consumption of nutrients/food groups on the normal and unusual days over time. Previously, we have demonstrated that overall the breast cancer patients did mostly not change their diet during the 12-month post-surgery period [ 17 ]. Nevertheless, here we observe a small, statistically significant increase in the intake of energy and sweets, cakes, and snacks on the days characterized as unusual and a tendency toward a lower intake on the normal days over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dietary intake has been reported to fluctuate over the week, with typically a higher intake of energy, especially from alcohol, as well as a lower quality of the diet at the weekends compared with the weekdays [5,7,8]. A question about whether the day assessed is considered by the respondent as "normal" or "unusual" concerning food and drink consumption has been part of a Norwegian pre-coded food diary since it was developed for a nationwide study in 2000 [9,10] and later used in several studies [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. What an "unusual" day represents has, to our knowledge, not been previously examined in detail, and knowledge is scarce on how similar questions are answered and how such days are described and what they reflect [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal and unusual days for dietary intake during the 12 months after a breast cancer diagnosis in women

et al. 2022

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Purpose There are several reasons to report days as being unusual with regard to dietary intake, including special occasions and celebrations. For breast cancer patients during the 12 month post-surgery period, unusual days may also include days that are affected by being a cancer patient. The aim of this study was to study dietary intake on “normal” and “unusual” days, and to study what is reported in “free text fields” of a food diary. Methods Women (n = 456), mean age 55.5 years newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (stage I/II) were included in this clinical study. “Normal” and “unusual” days in general, over time and during the week and weekends were studied using repeated administration of a 7-day pre-coded food diary. Results The breast cancer patients reported 26% of all days as unusual. The intake of energy, most nutrients, especially alcohol and sugar, red and processed meat, and sweets, cakes, and snacks was 5–126% higher, whereas intake of fiber, fruit and berries, vegetables, and dairy products was 7–17% lower on unusual than on normal days (P < 0.001). The same pattern was seen for normal/unusual days during the weekdays, weekends and over time. Finally, 99% of the breast cancer patients used the free text fields to report additional intake with a mean energy of 1.1 MJ/day. Conclusion For breast cancer patients during the 12-month post-surgery period, unusual days are important drivers of total intake, especially for alcohol. The free text fields in the pre-coded food diary contributed substantially to the total intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normal and unusual days for dietary intake during the 12 months after a breast cancer diagnosis in women

et al. 2022

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“…Second, the findings could be limited by the use of self‐reported data for constructing the score. However, the questionnaires used have been validated for the majority of components included in the score, 8 , 9 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 and mostly shown to produce acceptable results. Last, all participants recruited to CRCbiome were FIT positive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations with stages of colorectal carcinogenesis

et al. 2023

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Background While adherence to cancer prevention recommendations is linked to lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), few have studied associations across the entire spectrum of colorectal carcinogenesis. Here, we studied the relationship of the standardized 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score for cancer prevention recommendations with detection of colorectal lesions in a screening setting. As a secondary objective, we examined to what extent the recommendations were being followed in an external cohort of CRC patients. Methods Adherence to the seven‐point 2018 WCRF/AICR Score was measured in screening participants receiving a positive fecal immunochemical test and in CRC patients participating in an intervention study. Dietary intake, body fatness and physical activity were assessed using self‐administered questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for screen‐detected lesions. Results Of 1486 screening participants, 548 were free from adenomas, 524 had non‐advanced adenomas, 349 had advanced lesions and 65 had CRC. Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score was inversely associated with advanced lesions; OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.71, 0.94) per score point, but not with CRC. Of the seven individual components included in the score, alcohol, and BMI seemed to be the most influential. Of the 430 CRC patients included in the external cohort, the greatest potential for lifestyle improvement was seen for the recommendations concerning alcohol and red and processed meat, where 10% and 2% fully adhered, respectively. Conclusions Adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Score was associated with lower probability of screen‐detected advanced precancerous lesions, but not CRC. Although some components of the score seemed to be more influential than others (i.e., alcohol and BMI), taking a holistic approach to cancer prevention is likely the best way to prevent the occurrence of precancerous colorectal lesions.

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“…A study of the NutriNet-Sant e cohort (n ¼ 696) found that changes following a diagnosis of cancer included decreased vegetable, dairy, meat, soy, and alcohol consumption which cumulatively resulted in significantly lower total protein intake (À17.4 ± 12.5 g/day; p < 0.0001), compared with prediagnosis [16]. Dietary changes post-diagnosis resulting in decreased protein intake have also been observed in patients with breast cancer [17]. Although some of these changes are beneficial to overall health (e.g., decreased alcohol consumption), a diet containing exclusively (i.e., vegan diet) or predominantly (i.e., vegetarian diet) plant-based foods is concerning due primarily to the importance of animal-based protein for skeletal muscle health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of protein sources to support muscle anabolism in cancer: An expert group opinion

et al. 2022

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This opinion paper presents a short review of the potential impact of protein on muscle anabolism in cancer, which is associated with better patient outcomes. Protein source is a topic of interest for patients and clinicians, partly due to recent emphasis on the supposed non-beneficial effect of proteins; therefore, misconceptions involving animal-based (e.g., meat, fish, dairy) and plant-based (e.g., legumes) proteins in cancer are acknowledged and addressed. Although the optimal dietary amino acid composition to support muscle health in cancer is yet to be established, animal-based proteins have a composition that offers superior anabolic potential, compared to plant-derived proteins. Thus, animal-based foods should represent the majority (i.e., !65%) of protein intake during active cancer treatment. A diet rich in plantderived proteins may support muscle anabolism in cancer, albeit requiring a larger quantity of protein to fulfill the optimal amino acid intake. We caution that translating dietary recommendations for cancer prevention to cancer treatment may be inadequate to support the pro-inflammatory and catabolic nature of the disease. We further caution against initiating an exclusively plant-based (i.e., vegan) diet upon a diagnosis of cancer, given the presence of elevated protein requirements and risk of inadequate protein intake to support muscle anabolism. Amino acid combination and the long-term sustainability of a dietary pattern void of animal-based foods requires careful and laborious management of protein intake for patients with cancer. Ultimately, a dietary amino acid composition that promotes muscle anabolism is optimally obtained through combination of animal-and plant-based protein sources.

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Dietary changes in early-stage breast cancer patients from pre-surgery and over the 12 months post-surgery

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Normal and unusual days for dietary intake during the 12 months after a breast cancer diagnosis in women

Normal and unusual days for dietary intake during the 12 months after a breast cancer diagnosis in women

Associations of the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) cancer prevention recommendations with stages of colorectal carcinogenesis

The importance of protein sources to support muscle anabolism in cancer: An expert group opinion

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