Dietary carbohydrates and dental disorders

Scheinin, Arje

doi:10.1093/ajcn/45.5.1218

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…CW bacteria can utilize xylitol and other naturally occurring pentitols as growth substrate (25). The microfiora dental plaque does not significantly erment xylitol (5,32). This nonfermenation by dental plaque and favourable organoleptic properties have resulted in e use of xylitol as a noncariogeniĉ^g ar substitute.…”

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Intracellular xylitol‐phosphate hydrolysis and efflux of xylitol in Streptococcus sobrinus

Trahan

Néron

Bareil

1991

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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The parental strain Streptococcus sobrinus (Streptococcus mutans ATCC 27352), which is known to transport, phosphorylate and accumulate xylitol intracellularly as nonmetabolizable xylitol-phosphate (xylitol-sensitive (XS) strain) and its xylitol-resistant (XR) spontaneous mutant were used to further investigate the inhibitory action of xylitol on oral streptococci. Fructose-grown XR cells did not accumulate xylitol-phosphate, indicating that the inducible fructose PTS is incapable of transporting the pentitol. The intracellularly accumulated pentitol-phosphate by the XS cells did not prevent the subsequent uptake and degradation of glucose or fructose, despite a drop in the PEP pool and a 50% inhibition of the glucose but not the fructose catabolism. Intracellular dephosphorylation of the pentitol-phosphate and release of xylitol in the extracellular medium resulted in a rapid decrease of the intracellular level of this nonmetabolizable product. A Mg(++)- or Mn(++)-independent sugar-phosphate hydrolysing activity capable of splitting xylitol-phosphate was demonstrated in both XS and XR strains. Preincubation in the presence of N1-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and xylitol or NEM and fructose resulted in the subsequent inhibition of both xylitol uptake and efflux. The efflux kinetic at various temperatures is compatible with a facilitated diffusion by the phosphotransferase system EIIfru without, however, excluding the existence of an additional exit route, but it excludes a simple diffusion exit process. The results are consistent with the existence of a xylitol futile cycle contributing to the growth inhibition of S. sobrinus by the pentitol without excluding a toxic effect of xylitol-phosphate. Discrepancies in the literature on the action of xylitol on S. mutans could be explained in the light of the evidence presented.

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“…This nonfermenation by dental plaque and favourable organoleptic properties have resulted in e use of xylitol as a noncariogeniĉ^g ar substitute. Many studies (5,23,32) demonstrated that xylitol as not only a noncariogenic sweetener t a caries-preventive agent in both utnan and anitnals. In bacteria the penitols are catabolized by 1 of 2 means.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular xylitol‐phosphate hydrolysis and efflux of xylitol in Streptococcus sobrinus

Trahan

Néron

Bareil

1991

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Both glucose and sucrose are known to be cariogenic, with sucrose generally believed to give the higher caries increments, from studies in laboratory animals [Scheinin, 1987;Grenby, 1983]. Acid produc tion by fermentation by oral microorganisms is a ba sic factor in this process, so that any material put for ward as less cariogenic than the sugars in foods should be a less easily fermented substrate for acid formation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies of the Dental Properties of Lactitol Compared with Five Other Bulk Sweeteners in vitro

Grenby

Phillips

Mistry³

1989

Caries Res

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Standardized mixed cultures of dental plaque microorganisms were incubated for 24 h in media containing six different bulk sweeteners as energy source. The attack of the acid generated on tooth mineral was measured by calcium and phosphorus analyses. Demineralization was most severe with glucose and sucrose. Less acid was generated from sorbitol and mannitol, with much reduced demineralization. Fermentation of lactitol and xylitol was only very slight, leaving the final pH high and leading to extremely low enamel demineralization figures. The amounts of polysaccharide synthesized by the microorganisms in the incubations decreased in the order: glucose > sucrose > sorbitol > mannitol > lactitol > xylitol.

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Dental Caries, Sugars and Xylitol

Scheinin

1993

Annals of Medicine

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Dietary carbohydrates and dental disorders

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Intracellular xylitol‐phosphate hydrolysis and efflux of xylitol in Streptococcus sobrinus

Intracellular xylitol‐phosphate hydrolysis and efflux of xylitol in Streptococcus sobrinus

Studies of the Dental Properties of Lactitol Compared with Five Other Bulk Sweeteners in vitro

Dental Caries, Sugars and Xylitol

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