Dietary calcium and magnesium intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Shanghai Women’s Health Study

Villegas, Raquel; Gao, Yu‐Tang; Dai, Qi; Yang, Gong; Cai, Hui; Li, Honglan; Wang, Zheng

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27182

Cited by 164 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the high correlation between dietary calcium and magnesium in some individual studies made it difficult to separate their independent effects. 6 However, in the Black Women's Health Study that mutually adjusted for magnesium and calcium, the association between calcium intake and diabetes risk disappeared (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.88 --1.24), whereas an inverse association with magnesium intake persisted (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54 --0.78). 4 These data thus provided further evidence for a confounding effect of magnesium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary calcium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: possible confounding by magnesium

2012

Eur J Clin Nutr

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This study examined the association of dietary calcium intake with incident type 2 diabetes by a meta-analysis and explored the potential confounding by magnesium. Potential studies were identified by searching the PubMed database in September 2011. Prospective cohort studies that reported relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of type 2 diabetes for dietary calcium intake were selected. Results were combined using either a fixed-or random-effects model. Six prospective cohort studies comprising 264 268 participants and 11 225 reported cases were included. All combined random-effects metaanalysis yielded a significant pooled RR of 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 --0.97). However, a sensitivity analysis limited to four studies with control for magnesium yielded an attenuated, nonsignificant pooled RR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.85 --1.05). In conclusion, dietary calcium intake was not independently associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. The inverse association in prior observational studies may be partially confounded by magnesium intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary calcium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: possible confounding by magnesium

2012

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…In women living in Shanghai (Villegas et al, 2009) and in Japanese American men living in Hawaii (Hopping et al, 2009), although type II diabetes risk was significantly decreased among persons with high magnesium intake, the risk difference between the highest and lowest quintiles was only 15%. No association has been reported in Japanese American women (Hopping et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnesium has a role in glucose homeostasis and insulin action (Paolisso et al, 1990), and its protective effect against type II diabetes is supported by results of a meta-analysis of prospective studies in Western populations (Larsson and Wolk, 2007). An inverse association between magnesium intake and type II diabetes has also been reported in a few studies from Asian ethnic groups (Hopping et al, 2009;Villegas et al, 2009;Kirii et al, 2010), but the association appears to be to weaker than that among Western populations (Hopping et al, 2009;Villegas et al, 2009), suggesting an ethnic difference in the effect of magnesium on type II diabetes risk. In this article, we investigate prospectively the relationship of magnesium intake with risk of developing type II diabetes, using data from a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Magnesium intake and type II diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study

et al. 2010

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This study examined the association between magnesium intake and type II diabetes risk among Japanese adults. Participants were 25 872 men and 33 919 women aged 45-75 years who had no history of diabetes. Magnesium intake was ascertained using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratio of self-reported physician-diagnosed type II diabetes over 5 years was estimated using logistic regression analysis. A total of 1114 new cases of type II diabetes were self-reported. Magnesium intake was not significantly associated with type II diabetes in either men or women. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of type II diabetes for the highest versus lowest quintile of magnesium intake were 0.86 (0.63-1.16) and 0.92 (0.66-1.28) for men and women, respectively. Although a small effect cannot be excluded in men, magnesium intake may not be appreciably associated with risk of type II diabetes for Japanese adults.

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“…Thus, it was considered two studies when the observed items were combined. Among these studies, dairy products appeared as items in six studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Pittas et al, 2006;van Dam et al, 2006;Elwood et al, 2007;Kirii et al, 2009), low-fat and high-fat dairy foods appeared in three studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;van Dam et al, 2006), whole milk appeared in four studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Kirii et al, 2009;Villegas et al, 2009) and yogurt appeared in three studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Kirii et al, 2009). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of seven publications with cohort studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Pittas et al, 2006;van Dam et al, 2006;Elwood et al, 2007;Kirii et al, 2009;Villegas et al, 2009) on dairy and milk consumption and T2DM were included according to the criteria (Table 1). In the study by Kirii et al (2009), participants were divided to men and women for observation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: Milk intake is widely recommended for a healthy diet. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the consumption of dairy products may be associated with a reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate the association between dairy products consumption and T2DM. Subjects/Methods: A systematical literature search was done through the Medline database and seven related cohort studies were identified. The adjusted relative risks (RRs) with the highest and the lowest categories from each study were extracted to calculate the combined RR. A least-square trend estimation was applied to assess the dose-response relationships. Results: A combined RR of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-0.92) was revealed on T2DM risk associated to dairy intake, with little evidence of heterogeneity. For subgroup analysis, a combined RR was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74-0.90), 1.00 (95% CI, 0.89-1.10), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.86-1.05) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.93) for the intake of low-fat dairy, high-fat dairy, whole milk and yogurt, respectively. Dose-response analysis showed that T2DM risk could be reduced 5% for total dairy products and 10% for low-fat dairy products. Conclusion: An inverse association of daily intake of dairy products, especially low-fat dairy, with T2DM was revealed, indicating a beneficial effect of dairy consumption in the prevention of T2DM development.

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Dietary calcium and magnesium intakes and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Shanghai Women’s Health Study

Abstract: Our data suggest that calcium and magnesium intakes may protect against the development of T2D in this population.

Cited by 164 publications

References 61 publications

Dietary calcium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: possible confounding by magnesium

Dietary calcium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: possible confounding by magnesium

Magnesium intake and type II diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study

Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

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