Dietary Attitude of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives: There is a paucity of literature on the dietary attitude (DA) of patients with type 2 diabetes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Although the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is high in Gulf countries, there remains a lack of understanding of the importance of dietary behavior in diabetes management among patients. Understanding the behavior of patients with diabetes towards the disease requires knowledge of their DA. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and evaluate the DA of type 2 diabetes patients, and it is the first of its kind in the KSA. Material and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 patients with type 2 diabetes. A self-administered DA questionnaire was used to collect the data. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed by face validity, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency reliability. The data were collected using a systematic random sampling technique. Results: The overall DA of the patients was inappropriate (p = 0.014). Patients had an inappropriate DA towards food selection (p = 0.003), healthy choices (p = 0.005), food restraint (p < 0.001), health impact (p < 0.001), and food categorization (p = 0.033). A poor DA was also observed in relation to the consumption of red meat (p <0.001), rice (p < 0.001), soup and sauces (p = 0.040), dairy products (p = 0.015), and junk food (p < 0.001). Conclusions: It is highly recommended that patients with diabetes receive counseling with an empowerment approach, as this can bring about changes in their dietary behavior, which is deeply rooted in their daily routine. Healthcare providers should also be well-informed about patients’ attitudes and beliefs towards diabetes to design tailored educational and salutary programs for this specific community. Diabetes self-management educational programs should also be provided on a regular basis with a special emphasis on diet and its related components.

Epidemiological Analysis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus among Hail Residents, Saudi Arabia

“…In Hail region, as in the remainder of Saudi Arabia, females had higher occurrence paces of Type II diabetes among children and youths than males, and more seasoned age gatherings of children and teenagers had higher rate paces of Type II diabetes than more youthful age groups. The occurrence pace of Type II diabetes was higher in the nation's focal region [9]. A more noteworthy prevalence of Type II diabetes was accounted for among those living in metropolitan than in the rural areas.…”

“…The major financial changes in this nation during the past few years are a possibility of this case. Similarly, the effect of the dietary patterns, lack of physical exercises, and general lifestyles of individuals living in Hail region [8], alongside the aging of the population, make it a significant issue that requires more in-depth scrutiny [9].…”

Gaya Hidup sebagai Faktor Risiko Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

“…Kementerian Kesehatan RI juga menyebutkan bahwa konsumsi makanan yang tidak seimbang, tinggi gula, dan rendah serat juga merupakan faktor risiko DM. 10 Penelitian oleh Sami et al 13 di Saudi Arabia menyatakan bahwa peran sikap budaya dan perilaku terhadap makanan dalam pengelolaan diabetes tidak dapat diabaikan, karena sikap penyandang DM terhadap makanan dipengaruhi oleh budaya yang kuat. Kebanyakan penyandang menyatakan bahwa pemilihan makanan, dampak kesehatannya, pilihan sehat, pembatasan makanan, dan kategorisasi makanan tidak penting bagi mereka.…”

“…Sebagian besar pasien dalam penelitian tersebut tidak menyadari kandungan kalori dalam makanan yang dikonsumsi. 13 Sehubungan dengan pengaruh pola aktivitas fisik terhadap DMT2, Masi dan Mulyadi 5 melaporkan bahwa aktivitas fisik yang kurang menyebabkan resistensi insulin pada DMT2. Menurut Indonesian Diabetes Association, selain faktor genetik, DMT2 juga dapat dipicu oleh lingkungan yang menyebabkan perubahan gaya hidup tidak sehat, seperti makan berlebihan (berlemak dan kurang serat), kurang aktivitas fisik dan stres.…”

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about a Newer Class of Antidiabetic Drug (Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) Among the Health Care Professionals of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia

“…One of the disturbing trends is that the disease is becoming one of the leading cause for death among the population. 5 The economic burden due the DM in Saudi Arabia is predicted to rise to catastrophic level, unless a wide ranging epidemic control program is launched. To control the prevalence, a multidisciplinary approach is needed at level including the patient education and healthcare providers updating of the knowledge.…”