Dietary antioxidant capacity and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and insulin resistance: the Rotterdam Study

Abstract

Intake of individual antioxidants has been related to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the overall diet may contain many antioxidants with additive or synergistic effects. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations between total dietary antioxidant capacity and risk of type 2 diabetes, prediabetes and insulin resistance. We estimated the dietary antioxidant capacity for 5796 participants of the Rotterdam Study using a ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) score. Of these participants, 4957 had normoglycaemia and 839 had prediabetes at baseline. We used covariate-adjusted proportional hazards models to estimate associations between FRAP and risk of type 2 diabetes, risk of type 2 diabetes among participants with prediabetes, and risk of prediabetes. We used linear regression models to determine the association between FRAP score and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We observed 532 cases of incident type 2 diabetes, of which 259 among participants with prediabetes, and 794 cases of incident prediabetes during up to 15 years of follow-up. A higher FRAP score was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes among the total population (HR per SD FRAP 0.84, 95% CI 0.75; 0.95) and among participants with prediabetes (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73; 0.99), but was not associated with risk of prediabetes. Dietary FRAP was also inversely associated with HOMA-IR (β − 0.04, 95% CI − 0.06; − 0.03). Effect estimates were generally similar between sexes. The findings of this population-based study emphasize the putative beneficial effects of a diet rich in antioxidants on insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10654-019-00548-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Relationship between oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) index, body composition and blood biochemical markers in overweight /obese compared to normal weight subjects: a cross-sectional study

“…As a result, promoting the body's antioxidant capacity can greatly prevent the complications of diabetes and metabolic syndrome [43,44]. Similar to the ndings of the present study, many studies have shown that there was an inverse association between the dietary ORAC index with FBG, TG, LDL and TC and a positive correlation between ORAC and HDL [45][46][47].…”

Molecular Mechanisms Linking Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus

“…Ganjifrockwala et al in 2017 reported that an antioxidant-rich diet decreased oxidative markers accompanied with improved insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients [143]. More recently, van der Schaft and coworkers reported in a large epidemiological study involving 5796 participants that consumption of a diet rich in antioxidants was associated with restoring insulin sensitivity in T2DM patients [144]. These findings suggest that antioxidative agents might effectively improve IST in humans.…”

Relationship Between Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) Index, Body Composition and Blood Biochemical Markers in Overweight /Obese Compared to Normal Weight Subjects

“…The present study showed that there was an inverse association between the dietary ORAC index with FBG, TG, LDL and TC, whereas a positive correlation between ORAC and HDL was observed. As well as, Many studies have supported these findings [48][49][50]. Some studies have also reported that antioxidant capacity in obese and overweight volunteers is promoted which was postulated to be due to immune system's trying to override the present inflammation [51,52].…”