Dietary ALA, EPA and DHA have distinct effects on oxylipin profiles in female and male rat kidney, liver and serum

Leng, Song; Winter, Tanja; Aukema, Harold M.

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.002

Cited by 40 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 82 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…All rats were healthy throughout the study and at termination there were no effects of dietary PUFA on body (Leng et al, , ) or brain weights (Table S3). However, brain and body weights were higher in males, and the differences were greater for body weight, so the brain to body weight ratios were higher in females.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… All ingredients were from Dyets (Bethlehem, PA, USA), except EPA fish oil (95.3% EPA) and DHA fish oil (95.1% DHA) that were from Larodan (Solna, Sweden), and TBHQ was from Sigma‐Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). Adapted from Leng et al, , , and Mendonça et al, . ALA, α‐linolenic acid; ARA, arachidonic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; LNA, linoleic acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased dietary n‐6 PUFA (LNA) feeding results in increased LNA and ARA oxylipins and decreased EPA oxylipins in the cerebral cortex of rat brain (Taha et al, ), while limiting dietary LNA reduces lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced increases in the brain PGE 2 concentration (Taha et al, ). However, while the effects of dietary PUFA on brain fatty acid composition have been well characterized, oxylipin profiles do not necessarily reflect tissue precursor PUFA composition (Leng et al, , ; Mendonça et al, ). Thus, while there is more DHA than ARA in the brain (Innis, ; Sun et al, ), for example, whether DHA oxylipins constitute the majority of brain oxylipins is not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, 17‐β‐estradiol treatment in ovariectomized rats increases basal PGI 2 synthesis in cerebral blood vessels compared to untreated control rats (Ospina et al, ). There are also few studies of sex differences on the oxylipin profile in other tissues, but these indicate that oxylipins are generally higher in males in kidneys, liver, and serum (Leng et al, , ), and higher in females in heart (unpublished data) and adipose tissues (Mendonça et al, ). Furthermore, in these latter tissues, diet can influence the sex differences—for example, adipose oxylipins are higher in male rats provided a DHA‐rich diet but higher in female rats provided diets enriched in either α‐linolenic acid (ALA) or EPA (Mendonça et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Brain Oxylipin Profile Is Resistant to Modulation by Dietary n‐6 and n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Rats

Ferdouse

Leng

Winter

et al. 2019

Lipids

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxylipins are bioactive lipids formed by the monooxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA) are the most well‐studied class of oxylipins that influence brain functions in normal health and in disease. However, comprehensive profiling of brain oxylipins from other PUFA with differing functions, and the examination of the effects of dietary PUFA and sex differences in oxylipins are warranted. Therefore, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were provided standard rodent diets that provided additional levels of the individual n‐3 PUFA α‐linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or the n‐6 PUFA linoleic acid (LNA) alone or with ALA (LNA + ALA) compared to essential fatty acid‐sufficient control diets. Oxylipins and PUFA were quantified in whole brains using HPLC‐MS/MS and GC, respectively. Eighty‐seven oxylipins were present at quantifiable levels: 51% and 17% of these were derived from ARA and DHA, respectively. At the mass level, ARA and DHA oxylipins comprised 81–90% and 6–12% of total oxylipins, while phospholipid ARA and DHA represented 25–35% and 49–62% of PUFA mass, respectively. Increasing dietary n‐3 PUFA resulted in higher levels of oxylipins derived from their precursor PUFA; otherwise, the brain oxylipin profile was largely resistant to modulation by diet. Approximately 25% of oxylipins were higher in males, and this was largely unaffected by diet, further revealing a tight regulation of brain oxylipin levels. These fundamental data on brain oxylipin composition, diet effects, and sex differences will help guide future studies examining the functions of oxylipins in the brain.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Brain Oxylipin Profile Is Resistant to Modulation by Dietary n‐6 and n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Rats

Ferdouse

Leng

Winter

et al. 2019

Lipids

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Is There an Advantage in Enriching Parenteral Lipid Emulsions Containing Fatty Acids From Fish Oil With Medium‐Chain Triglycerides? A Study on Body Pool Concentrations of ω‐3 Fatty Acids in Lewis Rats

Tesser

Torrinhas

Garla

et al. 2020

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The addition of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) into parenteral lipid emulsions rich in fatty acids from fish oil (FOLEs) has been shown to improve their clearance and extrahepatic uptake. We assessed whether this effect could favor the leukocyte uptake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for immunomodulatory purposes Methods: Following 5-day adaptation in metabolic cages, 42 male Lewis rats fed with AIN-93M chow were killed (baseline control group [BC]) or submitted to central venous catheterization and distributed into (1) surgical control group without parenteral infusion (chow group), (2) test emulsion (MCT/LCT/FO) group with the parenteral infusion of a FOLE containing 40% MCT, and (3) control emulsion group (LCT/FO) with the parenteral infusion of an FOLE without MCT. The 2 FOLEs had similar ω-3 PUFA contents and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratios and were infused during 48 and 72 hours. Concentrations of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in plasma, liver, and blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were assessed by gas chromatography Results: In both FOLE groups, leukocyte concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs peaked after 48 hours' infusion (vs BC). At this time point, plasma concentrations of ω-3 PUFAs were higher in MCT/LCT/FO group than in LCT/FO group and the opposite was found in the liver (P<.05), but no differences in PUFA concentrations were observed between these groups in leukocytes (P>.05) Conclusion: The ω-3 PUFAs provided by FOLEs rich in MCT were less incorporated by liver and remained more available for extrahepatic cell delivery, but this did not result in a clear benefit in increasing their incorporation by peripheral leukocytes.

show abstract

Spleen Oxylipin and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles are Altered by Dietary Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and by Sex

Pauls

Ragheb

Winter

et al. 2020

Lipids

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As the largest secondary lymphoid organ, the spleen plays an important role in immune responses. The role of arachidonic acid (ARA) and its 20-carbon eicosanoids in modulating immune function has long been of interest. However, recent advances have enabled the identification of numerous other n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived oxylipins. Here, we investigate the effects of diet and sex on the spleen nonesterified oxylipin profiles and phospholipid and neutral lipid PUFA composition in Sprague-Dawley rats supplemented with oils rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or linoleic acid. Dietary ALA, EPA, and DHA resulted in lower levels of ARA and ARA oxylipins. Oxylipins derived from other n-6 PUFA were also reduced despite no or opposite effect on their PUFA levels. Each diet also resulted in higher levels of oxylipins almost exclusively derived from the supplemented PUFA, despite PUFA in the same biosynthetic pathway also often being increased. Further, while oxylipin differences often reflected changes to phospholipid PUFA, there were instances where they corresponded more closely to changes in neutral lipid PUFA. With respect to sex effects, >50% of lipoxygenase ARA-derived oxylipins were higher in males in at least one diet group, while multiple DHA oxylipins were lower in males only in rats provided the DHA diet. This fundamental description of oxylipin composition in the spleen, including the influence of diet and sex and the relationship to PUFA composition, will help inform future studies examining the functions of these oxylipins under physiological and pathological conditions.

show abstract

Dietary ALA, EPA and DHA have distinct effects on oxylipin profiles in female and male rat kidney, liver and serum

Cited by 40 publications

References 82 publications

The Brain Oxylipin Profile Is Resistant to Modulation by Dietary n‐6 and n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Rats

The Brain Oxylipin Profile Is Resistant to Modulation by Dietary n‐6 and n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Male and Female Rats

Is There an Advantage in Enriching Parenteral Lipid Emulsions Containing Fatty Acids From Fish Oil With Medium‐Chain Triglycerides? A Study on Body Pool Concentrations of ω‐3 Fatty Acids in Lewis Rats

Spleen Oxylipin and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles are Altered by Dietary Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and by Sex

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About