Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproducts and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Lugt, Timme van der; Opperhuizen, Antoon; Bast, Aalt; Vrolijk, Misha F.

doi:10.3390/nu12092814

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…The consumption of diets rich in processed food, which contain a high level of dietary AGEs, is related to increased colonic oxidative stress and inflammation [ 45 ]. The reduction of dietary AGEs is an interesting therapeutic target for the prevention/treatment of IBD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeic Acid Modulates Processes Associated with Intestinal Inflammation

et al. 2021

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Caffeic acid is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. This phenolic compound reaches relevant concentrations in the colon (up to 126 µM) where it could come into contact with the intestinal cells and exert its anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this investigation was to study the capacity of caffeic acid, at plausible concentrations from an in vivo point of view, to modulate mechanisms related to intestinal inflammation. Consequently, we tested the effects of caffeic acid (50–10 µM) on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and prostaglandin (PG)E2, cytokines, and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 -MCP-1-, and IL-6) biosynthesis in IL-1β-treated human myofibroblasts of the colon, CCD-18Co. Furthermore, the capacity of caffeic acid to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, to hinder advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, as well as its antioxidant, reducing, and chelating activity were also investigated. Our results showed that (i) caffeic acid targets COX-2 and its product PGE2 as well as the biosynthesis of IL-8 in the IL-1β-treated cells and (ii) inhibits AGE formation, which could be related to (iii) the high chelating activity exerted. Low anti-ACE, antioxidant, and reducing capacity of caffeic acid was also observed. These effects of caffeic acid expands our knowledge on anti-inflammatory mechanisms against intestinal inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeic Acid Modulates Processes Associated with Intestinal Inflammation

et al. 2021

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“…One such bacterial metabolite is methylglyoxal. Thus, the use of dihydrochalcones and other flavonoids broken down in the intestine with the production of phloroglucinol can also exert a local effect by reducing the concentration of methylglyoxal as an irritant [ 80 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspalathin and Other Rooibos Flavonoids Trapped α-Dicarbonyls and Inhibited Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products In Vitro

Bednarska

Fecka

2022

IJMS

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The excessive dietary intake of simple sugars and abnormal metabolism in certain diseases contribute to the increased production of α-dicarbonyls (α-DCs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO), the main precursors of the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs play a vital role, for example, in the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Aspalathus linearis (Burman f.) R. Dahlgren (known as rooibos tea) exhibits a wide range of activities beneficial for cardio-metabolic health. Thus, the present study aims to investigate unfermented and fermented rooibos extracts and their constituents for the ability to trap MGO and GO. The individual compounds identified in extracts were tested for the capability to inhibit AGEs (with MGO or GO as a glycation agent). Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (UHPLC–ESI–MS) was used to investigate α-DCs’ trapping capacities. To evaluate the antiglycation activity, fluorescence measurement was used. The extract from the unfermented rooibos showed a higher ability to capture MGO/GO and inhibit AGE formation than did the extract from fermented rooibos, and this effect was attributed to a higher content of dihydrochalcones. The compounds detected in the extracts, such as aspalathin, nothofagin, vitexin, isovitexin, and eriodictyol, as well as structurally related phloretin and phloroglucinol (formed by the biotransformation of certain flavonoids), trapped MGO, and some also trapped GO. AGE formation was inhibited the most by isovitexin. However, it was the high content of aspalathin and its higher efficiency than that of metformin that determined the antiglycation and trapping properties of green rooibos. Therefore, A. linearis, in addition to other health benefits, could potentially be used as an α-DC trapping agent and AGE inhibitor.

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“…As mentioned earlier, what is most surprising is not to have demonstrated endocytosis as a route of intestinal absorption of dAGEs but rather not to have demonstrated it earlier. The absorption of AGEs has mainly been analyzed in vitro with cells of an immortalized cell line of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells named Caco-2, which are commonly used to study intestinal permeability [39,40,64]. Because these epithelial cells are derived from colon cells, they do not have all of the characteristics of small intestine enterocytes, including the expression of digestive enzymes in their microvilli [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to Dietary Nε-Carboxymethyllysine Emphasizes Endocytosis as a New Route for Intestinal Absorption of Advanced Glycation End Products

et al. 2021

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The impact of dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) on human health has been discussed in many studies but, to date, no consensual pathophysiological process has been demonstrated. The intestinal absorption pathways which have so far been described for dAGEs, the passive diffusion of free AGE adducts and transport of glycated di-tripeptides by the peptide transporter 1 (PEPT-1), are not compatible with certain pathophysiological processes described. To get new insight into the intestinal absorption pathways and the pathophysiological mechanisms of dAGEs, we initiated an in vivo study with a so-called simple animal model with a complete digestive tract, Caenorhabditis elegans. Dietary bacteria were chemically modified with glyoxylic acid to mainly produce Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and used to feed the worms. We performed different immunotechniques using an anti-CML antibody for the relative quantification of ingested CML and localization of this AGE in the worms’ intestine. The relative expression of genes encoding different biological processes such as response to stresses and intestinal digestion were determined. The physiological development of the worms was verified. All the results were compared with those obtained with the control bacteria. The results revealed a new route for the intestinal absorption of dietary CML (dCML), endocytosis, which could be mediated by scavenger receptors. The exposure of worms to dCML induced a reproductive defect and a transcriptional response reflecting oxidative, carbonyl and protein folding stresses. These data, in particular the demonstration of endocytosis of dCML by enterocytes, open up new perspectives to better characterize the pathophysiological mechanisms of dAGEs.

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Dietary Advanced Glycation Endproducts and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 20 publications

References 153 publications

Caffeic Acid Modulates Processes Associated with Intestinal Inflammation

Caffeic Acid Modulates Processes Associated with Intestinal Inflammation

Aspalathin and Other Rooibos Flavonoids Trapped α-Dicarbonyls and Inhibited Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products In Vitro

Exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to Dietary Nε-Carboxymethyllysine Emphasizes Endocytosis as a New Route for Intestinal Absorption of Advanced Glycation End Products

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