Dietary administration of β-1,3/1,6-glucan and Lactobacillus plantarum improves innate immune response and increases the number of intestine immune cells in roach (Rutilus rutilus)

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study has been to compare the effect of dietary supplementation of β-1,3/1,6-glucan, Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria or their mixture on the growth performance, selected parameters of the immune system as well as the liver and intestinal histology of roach. Fish were fed for 14 days with four different diets, each treatment being carried out in triplicate. In control group, fish were fed dry commercial starter feed Aller Performa 2 (Aller Aqua, Denmark). The other experimental fish groups received the same commercial starter feed supplemented with: 1% β-1,3/1,6-glucan (Leiber® BetaS) in group G; 10 8 cfu L. plantarum g − 1 in group L; 1% β-1,3/1,6-glucan + 10 8 cfu L. plantarum g − 1 in group G + L. The stimulating effect of the tested preparations was evaluated once the feeding with commercial feed exclusively was resumed and 2 weeks afterwards. Results: No effect on the survivability and growth performance of the fish was observed in any of the groups. Supplementation of feed with β-1,3/1,6-glucan improved (P < 0.05) selected parameters of innate humoral immunity and the pinocytotic activity of phagocytes. Increased respiratory burst activity of head kidney phagocytes (RBA) was observed in groups L and G + L (P < 0.05), and the effect persisted for 2 weeks after the commercial feed regime was resumed. An analogous tendency was determined for the killing activity of phagocytes (PKA) of the head kidney with respect to Aeromonas hydrophila, although this effect appeared only during the feed supplementation period. Supplying roach with β-1,3/1,6-glucan, singly or with L. plantarum, had no effect (P > 0.05) on the proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. However, an increase in the number of CD3-positive cells and goblet cells was noticed in the digestive system of the L group fish (P < 0.05).

Dietary supplementation withBacillusspecies improves growth, intestinal histomorphology, innate immunity, antioxidative status and expression of growth and appetite‐regulating genes of Nile tilapia fingerlings

“…(2018),Kazuń et al (2020), andMohammadi et al (2021) reported that the addition of multi-strain probiotics had higher efficacy in boosting immunity of Nile tilapia than single-strain probiotics. Similarly,Kord et al (2021) reported highest phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and lysozyme activity in Nile tilapia supplemented with Sanolife PRO-F. Bañuelos-Vargas et al (2021) reported that F I G U R E 6 Relative expressions of growth-related genes in liver of Nile tilapia fed on probiotics enriched diets for 60 days.…”

Effects of long-term administration of various dietary prebiotic supplements on the growth, immune cell activity and digestive tract histology of juvenile vimba (Vimba vimba)

“…Studies concerning the evaluation of the immunostimulatory effect of polysaccharides have been carried out on many fish species, such as Nile tilapia, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grouper (Epinephelus coioides), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), roho labeo (Labeo rohita), Philippine catfish (Clarias batrachus), rainbow trout and Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) (6,7,20,24,28). Also short-term use of the β-1,3/1,6 glucan (Leiber Beta-S) tested in the current experiment resulted in increase of some parameters of the non-specific immune system (16,17,32).…”

“…Four different prebiotic preparations were used in the experiment (Table 1). The prebiotic-supplemented diets were prepared according to Kazuń et al (16). The dosage of the prebiotic preparations in groups BS, MB and CE was based on the producer's recommendations.…”

“…Vimba head kidneys were pooled within the groups (the organs from 15 individuals kept in the same aquarium per pool, giving two pools per aquarium, and all three aquaria in a group being sampled: n = 6). Head kidney immune cells were isolated using Histopaque 1077 (Sigma-Aldrich) density gradient centrifugation, suspended at a concentration of 1 × 10 6 cells mL −1 in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic solution (both reagents from Sigma-Aldrich), and cultured/incubated as described in a previous publication (16). Isolated cells were then used for assays of respiratory burst activity (RBA), potential killing activity (PKA) and proliferative response of lymphocytes.…”

In vitro Selection of Synbiotics and in vivo Investigation of Growth Indices, Reproduction Performance, Survival, and Ovarian Cyp19α Gene Expression in Zebrafish Danio rerio

“…The underlying rationale for the observed improvement in the growth of zebrafish in response to feeding the developed synbiotic-supplemented diet could be multifactorial. For instance, (i) improvement in the gut microbial flora, (ii) inhibition of the attachment and cloning of pathogenic microorganisms to the intestinal wall of the fish, (iii) and maintenance of beneficial microbial population in the gut, (iv) improvement in the feed intake and digestion, (v) production of enzymes, vitamins, and other beneficial substances for the host, and (vi) improvement in the immune status of the fish ( Aftabgard et al, 2018 ; Ashouri et al, 2018 ; Mirghaed et al, 2018 ; Dawood et al, 2020 ; Kazuń et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ; El-Nobi et al, 2021 ; Mohammadi Arani et al, 2021 ; Zhandalgarova et al, 2021 ). However, at present, this is mere speculation and warrants further research.…”