Diet vs Exercise in Weight Maintenance

Physical Activity Profiles of U.S. Adults Trying to Lose Weight: NHIS 1998

“…In reviews that examined the role of physical activity in weight loss, it appears to make a modest contribution (12,18). Compared with physical activity alone, calorie reduction alone is more effective in inducing weight loss (3,13), and findings show that physical activity combined with reduced caloric intake appears to be the most effective strategy for initial weight loss (15) and weight loss maintenance (23). However, our findings show that among those who reported using exercise to lose weight, individuals who engaged in eating fewer calories compared with those who did not attempt to change their diet did not report a higher level of exercise.…”

Growth hormone administration in addition to a very low calorie diet and an exercise program in obese subjects

“…This undesirable side effect appears in particular during rapid weight loss as induced by total starvation or diets with a low protein content (1). Although the combination of dietary restriction and physical exercise has no additional effect on weight loss as compared to dietary restriction per se, this regimen has been recommended to minimize the loss of lean body mass, to improve the insulin sensitivity, to induce a greater muscle efficiency and to improve the long-term maintenance of the achieved weight loss in obese subjects (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). It has been demonstrated that the administration of growth hormone (GH) in addition to moderate calorie restric¬ tion in obese patients leads to a decreased loss of nitrogen, representing an increased preservation of lean body mass (9)(10)(11).…”

Exercise Interventions for Older Adults with High Blood Pressure

“…stimulus control, and copnitive/self-control techniques derived from operant conditioning and soha1 learning theories (~a A i n , 1990;Robison & Rogers, 1994). In particular, the use of cognitive behavioral approaches, such as, distraction during exercise, self-monitoring, and goal setting, have been found to enhance adherence to exercise (King, Frey-Hewitt, Dreon, & Wood, 1989;King, Taylor, Haskell, & Debusk, 1988;. Preliminary data also indicate that efforts to maximize information pertaining to the individual participant's capabilities (e.g., self-efficacy) may be useful for improving program attendance (McAuley, Courneya, Rudolph, & Fox, 1994).…”

“…For instance, stimulus control techniques, behavioral contracting, response cost monetary deposits, lotteries, and other reinforcement programs have been shown to be efficacious in promoting the exercise habit (Epstein, Wing, and are effective in sustaining exercise adherence (King et al, 1989;King et al, 1988;Tooth et al, 1992). Although several behavioral procedures have been evaluated, no single intervention has emerged as superior (Leith & Taylor, 1995).…”

“…Thompson, & Griffen, 1980;King et at., 1989;Kravitz & Furst, 1991;Neale, Singleton, Dupuis, & Hess, 1990; Robinson et al, 1992; Stoffelmayer et al, 1992). Furthermore, the six study series conducted byMartin and colleagues (1984) illustrated the importance of social support, feedback, and praise during exercise.…”