Diet, sunlight, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in healthy children and adults.

Abstract

221 mmol/l; 68 5+19 8 mg/100 ml) (P<0 001) but not on the test day (maximal increase 1-3 ± 1 1 mmol/l; 23-4 ± 198 mg/100 ml). Throughout the remainder of the study period blood glucose was significantly lower on the test day than on the control day, although after lunch it increased by similar increments on the two days. The average blood glucose value during the eight hours was significantly lower on the test day than on the control day (11-2+1 6 mmol/l (202 0+28-8 mg/100 ml) compared with 14 8±1 2 mmol/l (267 0±21 6 mg/100 ml)) (P<00001). Qualitatively similar effects were seen in each patient studied, regardless of the order of treatment. Although none of the patients had symptoms of hypoglycaemia during the study, in two cases values of 2 8 mmol/l (50 5 mg/100 ml) were recorded towards the end of the test day.Blood lactate concentrations tended to be lower throughout the test day than the control day, significant differences in peak values being recorded after breakfast and lunch (figure). The profile of mean blood pyruvate values was similar to that of lactate values (figure), although none of the differences between values on the control and test days reached significance (P-0 05). No consistent changes were seen in the lactate to pyruvate ratio or in the mean blood concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, or alanine. DiscussionOur results show that the ot-glucosidehydrolase inhibitor acarbose may greatly decrease the blood glucose concentration in insulin-treated diabetics, particularly after breakfast. This is presumably due to a reduction in the rate of absorption of glucose from the intestinal tract, although we cannot say whether this in turn is due solely to a prolongation of the time taken for carbohydrate to be absorbed or whether there is also a reduction in the total amount absorbed. In normal people the addition of 200 mg acarbose to a 100 g oral load of sucrose causes 40°0 of the sucrose to pass unabsorbed through the small intestine.4 A comparable degree of carbohydrate malabsorption is to be expected in diabetics. The subsequent fermentation of nonabsorbed sugars by colonic bacteria leads to flatulence, which is a common and often unacceptable side effect of acarbose. The effects of the drug on blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations are less readily explained but may be due to a reduction in the rate of supply of glucose to the glycolytic pathway.Other methods of slowing carbohydrate absorption in diabetics include adding the non-absorbable carbohydrate guar gum to food.6 Guar is thought to exert its effect mainly by delaying gastric empyting and thus has a different mode of action from that of acarbose. Acarbose has the important advantage that it may be taken as tablets with ordinary food. It remains to be seen whether a suitable treatment regimen can be devised for its use in the long-term management of insulin-dependent diabetes. Medical3Journal, 1979, 1, 221-223 Summary and conclusions In 110 white West Midlands children serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations sho...

Vitamin D and public health: an overview of recent research on common diseases and mortality in adulthood

“…These conclusions were based on animal studies which used pharmacological doses of vitamin D (125-250 mg/kg per d) in a cholesterol model to produce arteriosclerosis and on case reports of patients with arterial calcification and hypertension without controls to provide a reference point for vitamin D intake (79) . A major step was the development of the assays for measuring blood levels of 25(OH)D (85) , which showed that most vitamin D (.80 %) came from dermal production following sun exposure, not diet (11,12) .…”

Wintertime vitamin D insufficiency is common in young Canadian women, and their vitamin D intake does not prevent it

“…In relatively depleted, postmenopausal women, 7.5 mg=day vitamin D increased the 25(OH)D level by only 9 nmol=l (Heikkinen et al, 1998). Vitamin D-deficient adults given 5 mg of vitamin D2 in winter showed no change (Poskitt et al, 1979). Even elderly patients supplemented with 20 mg=day, serum 25(OH)D levels sometimes showed no response (Prestwood et al, 1999).…”

Recurrence Season Impacts the Survival of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Patients

“…The sunlight exposure time of spring, summer, autumn and winter was different as well as the level of vitamin D. One study demonstrated a pronounced seasonal variation of vitamin D level with a maximum in late summer and a minimum in early spring through measurements of vitamin D in healthy Danish volunteers (Mosekilde et al, 2005). During winter months, the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D3 and the total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in serum are up to one half of the corresponding states during the summer and autumn months (Poskitt et al, 1979;Vik et al, 1980). Several studies indicated that the prognosis of many cancers such as lung -prostate-, breast-, colon cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma is related to the season of diagnosis (Lim et al, 2006;Porojnicu & Lagunova et al, 2007;Porojnicu et al, 2008;Mutlu et al, 2013;Oguz et al, 2013).…”

“…Vitamin D can be obtained from sun-exposure and through diets. However, exposure to sunlight, i.e., ultraviolet b (UVB), is the main source of vitamin D in humans, about 90% of all intake, is ultraviolet radiation-induced synthesis in the skin after sun exposure (Poskitt et al, 1979;Vik et al, 1980;Mainio et al, 2006;Hakko et al, 2009). Solar ultraviolet radiation is related to vitamin D status by cutaneous production of vitamin D3 in cancer RESEARCH ARTICLE…”