Diet Soft Drink Consumption is Associated with an Increased Risk of Vascular Events in the Northern Manhattan Study

Gardener, Hannah; Rundek, Tatjana; Markert, Matthew; Wright, Clinton B.; Elkind, Mitchell S.V.; Sacco, Ralph L.

doi:10.1007/s11606-011-1968-2

Cited by 117 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In contrast, the studies by Eshak et al (2012) and Gardener et al (2012) did not find any association between baseline SSB intake and CHD (17,18) . In their analysis of change of SSB intake and CHD, Fung et al (2009) found that a 2 servings/d increase in SSB increased the risk of developing CHD by 28 % (RR = 1·28; 95 % CI 1·14, 1·44; P < 0·001) among women.…”

Section: Studies On Vascular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…One paper reported results for combined vascular events which included stroke, MI and vascular death (17) .…”

Section: Studies On Vascular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three of five papers reported results for stroke, which were classified either as ischaemic or haemorrhagic or of unknown type, fatal or non-fatal (17)(18)(19) . All studies examined baseline (or cumulative average) SSB intake and stroke.…”

Section: Studies On Vascular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugar-sweetened beverages, vascular risk factors and events: a systematic literature review

Keller

Heitmann

Olsen

2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: A high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been linked to weight gain, obesity and type 2 diabetes; however, the influence on CVD risk remains unclear. Therefore, our objective was to summarize current evidence for an association between SSB consumption and cardiovascular risk factors and events. Design: The article search was performed in August 2013. Two independent researchers performed the article search and selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Eligible studies reported the intake of SSB and one of the following outcomes: change in blood pressure, blood lipid or blood sugar, or CVD events such as stroke or myocardial infarction. Only intervention and longitudinal studies were included. Subjects: Only studies in adults (aged 18 + years old) were considered. Results: Two of four prospective studies found clear direct associations between SSB consumption and CHD, while two of three studies, including both men and women, found direct associations between SSB consumption and stroke; however, the association was significant among women only. All included studies examining vascular risk factors found direct associations between SSB consumption and change in blood pressure, blood lipid or blood sugar. Conclusions: The reviewed studies generally showed that SSB intake was related to vascular risk factors, whereas associations with vascular events were less consistent. Due to a limited number of published papers, especially regarding vascular events, the strength of the evidence is still limited and hence more studies are needed before firm conclusions can be made. Keywords Sugar-sweetened beverages Vascular disease ReviewDietary carbohydrates are essential for body functions as they are the main source of energy. To ensure a balanced diet, the Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board recommends that 45-55 % of the total energy intake is provided by carbohydrates (1) . Added sugar (table sugar) is added to foods and beverages during industrial processing, and hence refers to sugars that are not naturally occurring (2) . Studies show that added sugar (over-) consumption, specifically in the form of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), seems to be linked to different harmful health outcomes such as obesity and diabetes (3)(4)(5) . SSB may also potentially increase the risk of CVD through their high amount of rapidly absorbable carbohydrates that may, via an elevated hepatic de novo lipogenesis, result in hypertension, accumulation of visceral and ectopic fat, and increased TAG and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (6,7) . The increased glycaemic load caused by a high SSB intake may lead to inflammation, β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, as suggested by who, in their pooled meta-analysis from three prospective cohorts, reported that participants in the highest category of SSB intake had a 20 % greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest category of intake (4) . Most previous literature reviews on potentia...

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Section: Studies On Vascular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…One paper reported results for combined vascular events which included stroke, MI and vascular death (17) .…”

Section: Studies On Vascular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sugar-sweetened beverages, vascular risk factors and events: a systematic literature review

Keller

Heitmann

Olsen

2014

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Daily diet soft drink intake compared to no intake was linked to a 44% increase in a vascular event in 2564 multi‐ethnic adults 8. In a study with 381 adults without diabetes, artificial sweeteners were linked to higher fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and impaired glucose tolerance 9.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several adult studies have shown that ASB intake is linked to the metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease 8, 9. Only a few cross‐sectional studies have examined the impact of ASBs on metabolic health in youth and found no effect of ASB on blood pressure, or fasting glucose, insulin or lipids 10, 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of artificial sweetened beverages associated with adiposity and increasing HbA1c in Hispanic youth

et al. 2018

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SummaryResearch examining the impact of artificial sweetened beverages (ASBs) on obesity and metabolic diseases in adolescents is limited. The overall goal is to examine the longitudinal effects of ASBs on changes in adiposity and metabolic parameters in Hispanic adolescents. Longitudinal cohort with 98 Hispanics (12–18 years) who were overweight or had obesity with the following data at baseline and 1‐year later: anthropometrics, diet (24‐h recalls), body composition (DXA), glucose and insulin dynamics (oral glucose tolerance and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) and fasting lipids. Repeated measures analyses of covariance assessed changes over time between control (no ASBs at either visit), ASB initiators (no ASBs at baseline/ASBs at 1‐year) and chronic ASB consumers (ASBs at both visits). ASB initiators (n = 14) and chronic ASB consumers (n = 9) compared to control (n = 75) had higher total body fat at baseline and 1‐year (P = 0.05 for group effect). Chronic ASB consumers had a 6% increase in haemoglobin A1c, 34% increase in energy intake (kcal d−1) and 39% increase in carbohydrate intake (g d−1) over time, while control and ASB initiators maintained (P < 0.05 for group‐by‐time interactions). These results do not support promoting ASBs as a strategy for adiposity loss or to improve metabolic health.

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Selected health and lifestyle factors, cytosine‐adenine‐guanine status, and phenoconversion in Huntington's disease

et al. 2018

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Diet Soft Drink Consumption is Associated with an Increased Risk of Vascular Events in the Northern Manhattan Study

Cited by 117 publications

References 25 publications

Sugar-sweetened beverages, vascular risk factors and events: a systematic literature review

Sugar-sweetened beverages, vascular risk factors and events: a systematic literature review

Consumption of artificial sweetened beverages associated with adiposity and increasing HbA1c in Hispanic youth

Selected health and lifestyle factors, cytosine‐adenine‐guanine status, and phenoconversion in Huntington's disease

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