Diet selection in pigs: choices made by growing pigs given foods of different protein concentrations

Kyriazakis, Ι.; Emmans, G. C.; Whittemore, C. T.

doi:10.1017/s0003356100005298

Cited by 122 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Calculations and statistical analysis Diet selection patterns were traced by plotting the cumulative difference between the intakes of WBG and SBM (CD ¼ WBG-SBM) against the cumulative feed intake (CFI ¼ WBG þ SBM), as described by Kyriazakis et al (1990). The crude preference values were calculated dividing the consumption of SBM by the total feed consumption (WBG þ SBM) as described Robertson et al (2006).…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems

Rodríguez¹,

Bodas²,

Fernández³

et al. 2007

Animal

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Two trials were undertaken to study the effects of cafeteria feeding systems on the feed intake, animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Trial 1 was designed to compare conventional and cafeteria feeding systems in terms of the growth of individually reared lambs. For this assay, 26 weaned Merino lambs (15.5^0.20 kg live weight) were assigned to three dietary treatment groups: (1) a control group fed barley straw and commercial concentrate under a conventional feeding system, (2) group W100S, fed soya-bean meal, whole barley grain and a mineral-vitamin supplement under a cafeteria feeding system, and (3) group W100S-T, fed as in the W100S treatment but allowing the lambs an initial training period so they could learn to identify a number of feeds. The feeding system had no significant effect ( P . 0.05) on either average daily live-weight gain, carcass weight, or carcass conformation. The food conversion ratio was lower ( P , 0.05) for the cafeteria-reared animals (2.9^0.16 v. 2.5^0.08 g dry-matter intake per g average daily gain) than those of the control group. This might be related to the higher crude protein intake seen in the cafeteria groups (150^5.6 v. 208^12.5 g per animal per day; P , 0.001).In trial 2, cafeteria and conventional feeding system were compared in terms of the growth of feedlot lambs. Two hundred weaned Merino lambs (13.1^0.10 kg) were divided into two experimental groups: (1) a control group, offered commercial concentrate and barley straw, and (2) a cafeteria group fed the same diet as W100ST in trial 1. The average daily gain (282^5.8 and 309^6.5; P , 0.01) was greater in the cafeteria than in the control group. Whereas neither carcass conformation nor fatness were affected by the feeding system, the dressing percentage was slightly higher ( P . 0.001) in the conventional than in the cafeteria system lambs.The use of cafeteria systems for fattening lambs can improve the feed conversion efficiency and body growth rate over those achieved with conventional feeding systems, although the crude protein intake in these systems seems to be in excess of requirements.

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Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems

Rodríguez¹,

Bodas²,

Fernández³

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…Although food selection research has shown that pigs are able to discriminate between nutritionally different foods and can select foods appropriately to meet individual nutritional requirements (Kyriazakis et al, 1990;Roth et al, 2006), there has been little research into food selection by pigs to promote a medical or pharmacological advantage, a phenomenon sometimes referred to as 'self-medication'. In our study, naïve weaned piglets did not select the advantageous food, possibly due to unpleasant organoleptic properties associated with high levels of ZnO inclusion in the food.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that, given the opportunity to recognise the benefits associated with the consumption of the ZnO supplemented food via a training period; pigs may show quite different preferences to those reported in this experiment. A training period allows pigs to experience foods individually and wait for the postingestive consequences and has been shown to be effective in other studies (Kyriazakis et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the newly weaned piglet select a zinc oxide supplemented feed, when given the choice?

Reynolds

Forbes

Miller

2010

Animal

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animal Does the newly weaned piglet select a zinc oxide supplemented feed, when given the choice? An experiment was conducted to examine whether weaned piglets would display preference for a food containing a pharmacological level of zinc oxide (ZnO). A total of 60 piglets were weaned at 7.8 kg 6 0.14 (s.e.m.) and 27.8 6 0.11 days of age into eight mixed sex groups of seven or eight piglets per pen. Groups were balanced for litter origin, weaning weight and sex. Piglet feeding behaviour was constantly recorded by a multi-spaced feeding behaviour recording system (Leeds University Feeding Behaviour System) in each pen. Each pen of pigs was offered ad libitum access to two different foods (16.2 MJ digestible energy, 16 g lysine/kg), which differed only in the level of ZnO supplementation: unsupplemented (U) or supplemented (Z; ZnO 3100 mg/ kg). Both foods contained a basal level of zinc (100 mg/kg). Feeding time was recorded for each individual at each trough. Piglets were weighed at weaning and at 7 and 13 days thereafter. The experiment ran for 13 days. Any piglet observed with post-weaning scour (Y) was recorded and treated appropriately whereas healthy piglets were categorised as N (no scour). Preference for a food was defined as being significantly different from 50% of total feed intake or time spent feeding. There was no difference between piglet numbers selecting each food as their first meal. However, within the first 24 h, piglets preferred (P , 0.001) food U, spending only 36.3% (32.2 to 40.5; 95% confidence interval) of feeding time at food Z. Throughout the experiment, piglets showed aversion (P , 0.001) to food Z, consumption being 8.9% (5.1 to 13.6) and 15.7% (8.9 to 23.9) of total intake in weeks 1 and 2, respectively. Individual piglets showed their preference for food U with only 16.6% (14.6 to 18.5) and 21.8% (19.6 to 24.0) of feeding time spent on food Z in weeks 1 and 2, respectively. Scouring piglets did not show any difference in feeding behaviour from healthy piglets in either week. Average piglet gain (of all piglets) was low, at 0.039 6 0.03 and 0.272 6 0.04 kg/day in weeks 1 and 2, respectively. Given a choice, weaned piglets showed a clear preference for the food U even when exhibiting post-weaning scour. It can be concluded that the newly weaned, naïve, piglet is not able to recognise a food with clear health and performance benefits but selected the food U due to the reduced palatability of the food Z.

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“…It was assumed that the pig will attempt to consume an amount of feed that will satisfy its energy and protein requirements for potential daily gain and maintenance (Kyriazakis et al, 1990;Kyriazakis and Emmans, 1999). The same regulation does not seem to apply for P (Pomar et al, 2006;Lopes et al, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the consequences of nutritional strategies aimed at decreasing phosphorus excretion from pig populations: a modeling approach

Symeou

Leinonen

Kyriazakis

2016

animal

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There is a global imperative to reduce phosphorous (P) excretion from pig systems. In this study, a previously validated deterministic model was modified to be stochastic, in order to investigate the consequences of different management strategies on P excretion by a group of growing pigs. The model predicts P digestion, retention and excretion from feed composition and growth parameters that describe a specified pig phenotype. Stochasticity was achieved by introducing random variation in the latter. The strategies investigated were: (1) changing feed composition frequently in order to match more closely pig digestible P (digP) requirements to feed composition (phase feeding) and (2) grouping pigs into light and heavy groups and feeding each group according to the requirements of their group average BW (sorting). Phase feeding reduced P excretion as the number of feeding phases increased. The effect was most pronounced as feeding phases increased from 1 to 2, with a 7.5% decrease achieved; the increase in phases from 2 to 3 was associated with a further 2.0% reduction. Similarly, the effect was more pronounced when the feed targeted the population requirements for digP at the average BW of the first third, rather than the average requirements at the mid-point BW of each feeding sequence plan. Increasing the number of feeding phases increased the percentage of pigs that met their digP requirements during the early stages of growth and reduced the percentage of pigs that were supplied <85% of their digP requirements at any stage of their growth; the latter may have welfare implications. Sorting of pigs reduced P excretion to a lesser extent; the reduction was greater as the percentage of pigs in the light group increased from 10% to 30% (from 1.5% to 3.0% reduction, respectively). This resulted from an increase in the P excreted by the light group, accompanied by a decrease in the P excreted by the remaining pigs. Sorting increased the percentage of light pigs that met their dig P requirements, but only slightly decreased the percentage of heavy pigs that met these requirements at any point of their growth. Exactly the converse was the case as far as the percentage of pigs that were supplied <85% of their digP requirements were concerned. The developed model is flexible and can be used to investigate the effectiveness of other management strategies in reducing P excretion from groups of pigs, including precision livestock feeding.

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Diet selection in pigs: choices made by growing pigs given foods of different protein concentrations

Cited by 122 publications

References 11 publications

Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems

Feed intake and performance of growing lambs raised on concentrate-based diets under cafeteria feeding systems

Does the newly weaned piglet select a zinc oxide supplemented feed, when given the choice?

Quantifying the consequences of nutritional strategies aimed at decreasing phosphorus excretion from pig populations: a modeling approach

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