Diet Quality Variation among Polish Older Adults: Association with Selected Metabolic Diseases, Demographic Characteristics and Socioeconomic Status

Abstract

A lot of civilization diseases are related to a low-quality diet, which is often determined by environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the quality of diet and the selected metabolic diseases, as well as demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status among Polish seniors. The study was conducted on the basis of the KomPAN questionnaire (Questionnaire for Dietary Views and Habits). The research sample was chosen arbitrarily. In addition, in order to diversify the research sample, the use of the snowball method was used. The study was conducted from June to September 2019 in a group of 437 people aged 60 or more years in two regions of Poland. Two diet quality indices with a potentially beneficial (pHDI-10) and adverse impact on health (pHDI-14) were selected based on data on the frequency of consumption of 24 food groups using the KomPAN questionnaire data development procedure. Based on the intensities (low, moderate, high) and combinations of these indices, three diet quality index profiles were developed with potentially different influences on health: lower (lowest), middle (intermediate) and upper (highest). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between diet quality indices, some metabolic diseases (obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes type 2), demographic characteristics (gender, age, place of residence), and socioeconomic status (low, moderate, high). It was shown that in the examined seniors with selected metabolic diseases, the higher quality diet was more common among women, urban inhabitants and subjects with higher socioeconomic status. In turn, among the elderly with obesity, a high-quality diet was observed more often in people aged 60–74 years and those with type II diabetes at ages 75 years or more. The relationships between diet quality, demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status were demonstrated, but it was not possible to obtain unambiguous results on the relationship of these variables with the occurrence of metabolic diseases. Further extended studies should assess the importance of diet quality in reducing the risk of metabolic diseases in the elderly, taking into account the variability resulting from the environmental characteristics of the study population.

Prevalence of Amputations in Diabetic Individuals Treated at a Referral Center

“…Regarding the type, type 2 DM was significantly crucial for the amputation outcome; its frequency is consistent with the population incidence rate for this type of diabetes. The combination of late diagnosis, difficulty changing habits, and lack of glycemic control may be related to the findings 12,13 . Bearing in mind that people with type 1 DM adapt their lives to deal with the disease, as it is a condition often discovered in childhood.…”

“…Bearing in mind that people with type 1 DM adapt their lives to deal with the disease, as it is a condition often discovered in childhood. The process of dealing with type 2 DM becomes, from this point of view, more difficult for individuals due to the need for late readaptation of habits that generate emotional and social impacts 12,13,14 .…”

“…The most commonly performed amputation levels involve forefoot, midfoot, Syme, ankle disarticulation, transtibial, and transfemoral 12,20 . It is worth noting that people with DM complications who undergo the amputation process may end up suffering successive amputations, which is due to the risk of exposing the stump to trauma and new ulcers, in addition to the increased risk of developing atherosclerotic diseases and vascular events that make ulcer healing difficult 5,13,20 .…”

Risk-indicative or sustainable consumption? Consumers’ risk perception on conventional and organic food products in Poland

“…However, both surveys had a limited range of respondents: the first study focused on mothers of children up to 6 years of age (Woś et al 2022) and the second on the inhabitants of one province in Poland -Lublin Province (Dudziak & Kocira 2022). The relationship between a low-quality diet and selected metabolic diseases in Poland was investigated by Gajda et al (2023). Similarly, the impact of a pro-inflammatory diet on cardiovascular risk factors in Poland was investigated by Szypowska et al (2023).…”

Prevalência De Amputações Em Indivíduos Diabéticos Atendidos Em Um Centro De Referência

“…Quanto ao tipo, o DM tipo 2 obteve uma importância expressiva para o desfecho amputação, sua frequência condiz com o índice de acometimento populacional para esse tipo de diabetes. A combinação entre diagnóstico tardio, dificuldade de mudança dos hábitos, falta de controle glicêmico, podem estar relacionados aos achados 12,13 . Tendo em vista que a pessoa com DM tipo 1 adequa a vida para lidar com a doença, por se tratar de uma condição muitas vezes descoberta na infância.…”