Diet Quality of US Infants and Toddlers 7–24 Months Old in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2

Au, Lauren E.; Gurzó, Klára; Paolicelli, Courtney; Whaley, Shannon E.; Weinfield, Nancy S.; Ritchie, Lorrene D.

doi:10.1093/jn/nxy192

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The WIC program has significant potential to increase access to nutritious foods among women and children living in low-income households in the U.S., and reduce associated diet-related disparities. Despite the fact that many studies published within the past year have assessed diet quality of WIC participants using nationally representative data [3,4,5,6,7,8], none have specifically addressed racial/ethnic disparities in dietary intake of children participating in WIC. Our findings highlight differences in nutrient status of WIC-participating children across racial/ethnic groups, and suggest that Hispanic children have diets with better nutrient distribution and lower dietary energy density, while non-Hispanic Black children have diets with poorer nutrient intake, compared to non-Hispanic White children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Dietary Intake of U.S. Children Participating in WIC

et al. 2019

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Recent studies have assessed diet quality of low-income U.S. children participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), but differences by race/ethnicity remain unknown. We assessed racial/ethnic disparities in nutrient intake from dietary sources (not supplements) among children participating in WIC, with a focus on priority nutrients and food groups for future WIC food package revisions, as described in a recent report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). We used data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and multivariable linear regression analysis to evaluate relationships between race/ethnicity and nutrient/food group intake of children participating in WIC. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 survey procedures, accounting for the complex survey design of the NHANES. Compared to non-Hispanic White children, Hispanic children had diets with better nutrient distribution and lower dietary energy density, while non-Hispanic Black children had diets with poorer nutrient intake. Hispanic children had higher potassium and fiber intake, and consumed more legumes, while non-Hispanic Black children had lower calcium and vitamin D intake, higher sodium intake, and lower total dairy intake, compared to non-Hispanic White children. These findings can inform WIC nutrition education messages and future food package revisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately half of all infants in the U.S., and one quarter of all children less than five years of age, participate in WIC [1]. Several studies published within the past year have used nationally representative data to assess diet quality of children participating in WIC [3,4,5,6,7,8], but differences by race/ethnicity remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Dietary Intake of U.S. Children Participating in WIC

et al. 2019

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“…Infants and toddlers require lesser amounts of trace minerals from their diet, but may be more prone to deficiency than adults, because of rapid growth and uneven intake [71,147,148].…”

Section: Trace Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Gaps and Supplementation in the First 1000 Days

Korczak²,

et al. 2019

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Optimized nutrition during the first 1000 days (from conception through the 2nd birthday) is critical for healthy development and a healthy life for the newborn. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are accompanied by physiological changes, increased energy needs, and changing requirements in the nutrients critical for optimal growth and development. Infants and toddlers also experience physiological changes and have specific nutritional needs. Food and nutrition experts can provide women of childbearing age with adequate dietary advice to optimize nutrition, as well as guidance on selecting appropriate dietary supplements. Considering the approaching 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) will be making specific recommendations for children, it is important to provide accurate scientific information to support health influencers in the field of nutrition. The purpose of this review is to summarize the nutrition and supplementation literature for the first 1000 days; to highlight nutritional and knowledge gaps; and to educate nutrition influencers to provide thoughtful guidance to mothers and families. Optimal nutrition during pregnancy through early childhood is critical for supporting a healthy life. Nutrition influencers, such as dietitians, obstetricians/gynecologists, and other relevant health professionals, should continue guiding supplement and food intake and work closely with expectant families and nutrition gatekeepers.

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“…Dietary recalls were administered over the phone, using the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method 21 . Details of the dietary intake assessment have been published previously 22 . Infant weight was measured in grams, and was available for 84% of study participants at two or more times between birth and 36 months of age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential overfeeding among formula fed Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children participants and associated factors

et al. 2020

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Summary Background The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) provides enough formula to meet the known nutritional needs of infants up to 6 months of age whose mothers report not breastfeeding, but many mothers report WIC providing insufficient formula, indicating potential overfeeding. Objective To estimate the prevalence of potential overfeeding among formula‐feeding WIC participants and identify associated factors. Methods Potential overfeeding was identified among participants of the longitudinal Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study‐2 (ITFPS‐2) receiving the fully formula‐feeding WIC infant package at 1 month of age (n = 1235, weighted n = 197 079). Associations of potential overfeeding with caloric intake, weight and participant characteristics were assessed. Results Potential overfeeding was identified among 37.41% (95% CI = 33.57‐41.25%) of fully formula‐feeding infants. Potentially overfed infants were 0.18 kg heavier (P‐value = .01), consumed 26 more calories daily (P‐value = .004) and were more likely Non‐Hispanic White or English‐speaking Hispanic (P‐value = .007) and highly active at 5 months of age (P‐value = .01). Mothers of potentially overfed infants were less likely to agree that breastfeeding is easier than bottle feeding, only mothers can feed breastfed infants, turning away from the bottle indicates satiation, and crying always indicates hunger (P‐values .04, .002, .04 and .04 respectively), and more likely to report WIC provides insufficient formula early (1‐5 months, P‐value <.0001) and late (6‐13 months, P‐value = .007) in infancy. Conclusions Potential overfeeding occurs in 37% of fully formula‐feeding infant WIC‐participants <6 months old. Mothers of these infants may benefit from additional education about the formula needs of their infants and how to recognize infant satiation cues.

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Diet Quality of US Infants and Toddlers 7–24 Months Old in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Dietary Intake of U.S. Children Participating in WIC

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Dietary Intake of U.S. Children Participating in WIC

Nutritional Gaps and Supplementation in the First 1000 Days

Potential overfeeding among formula fed Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children participants and associated factors

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