Abstract:Experiments during 4 years examined the diets selected, growth, and responses to N supplements by Bos indicus-cross steers grazing summer-rainfall semi-arid C4 Astrebla spp. (Mitchell grass) rangelands at a site in north-western Queensland, Australia. Paddock groups of steers were not supplemented (T-NIL), or were fed a non-protein N (T-NPN) or a cottonseed meal (T-CSM) supplement. In Experiment 1, young and older steers were measured during the late dry season (LDS) and the rainy season (RS), while steers in … Show more
“…1). This is particularly problematic for CP, which is generally the first limiting nutrient for beef cows grazing pasture in northern Australia (Poppi et al 2018;Dixon et al 2022). The seasonal variation in nutrient supply from the pasture is also usually greater for CP (4.5-9.5% DM) than for energy (7-9 MJ/kg), as illustrated in Fig.…”
Section: Effect Of Prepartum Nutrition On the Transfer Of Passive Imm...mentioning
Nutritional management in rangeland beef cattle systems prioritises optimal body condition scores at calving for improved fertility and reproductive success. However, this focus often overlooks short-term dietary deficiencies before calving, which can lead to adverse outcomes for neonatal calves. This review explores the effects of beef cow malnutrition during the periparturient period on colostrum production, lactation onset, and passive immunity transfer to calves. Additionally, it discusses the long-term impact of such malnutrition on the offspring. By understanding how nutritional interventions affect the transition from gestation to lactation, it becomes possible to enhance calf health and survival in arid tropical environments. Commonly occurring short-term dietary restrictions, particularly protein deficiencies, can disrupt the hormonal equilibrium, resulting in reduced colostrum volume and quality, hindering calf growth and increasing mortality risks. Furthermore, dietary restrictions during this period affect critical physiological processes such as mammary gland blood flow and fetal small-intestine development. The review explores how these constraints influence colostrum production and immunoglobulin absorption by neonatal calves. Additionally, it highlights the significance of addressing other common nutrient deficiencies such as phosphorus and water and investigates the potential benefits of supplementing microbial products to enhance rumen function and protect cows from inflammation. Ultimately, addressing malnutrition during pregnancy is essential to prevent negative impacts on offspring performance, including alterations in carcass composition and muscle marbling. Consequently, cattle producers who aim for superior muscle marbling in the carcass by using costly genetics should give priority to enhancing nutritional programs for late-pregnant cows. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of malnutrition during the periparturient period on colostrum production, passive immunity transfer, and overall calf health is crucial for developing effective nutritional interventions that improve colostrum production, passive immunity transfer, and overall calf health in rangeland beef cattle systems.
“…1). This is particularly problematic for CP, which is generally the first limiting nutrient for beef cows grazing pasture in northern Australia (Poppi et al 2018;Dixon et al 2022). The seasonal variation in nutrient supply from the pasture is also usually greater for CP (4.5-9.5% DM) than for energy (7-9 MJ/kg), as illustrated in Fig.…”
Section: Effect Of Prepartum Nutrition On the Transfer Of Passive Imm...mentioning
Nutritional management in rangeland beef cattle systems prioritises optimal body condition scores at calving for improved fertility and reproductive success. However, this focus often overlooks short-term dietary deficiencies before calving, which can lead to adverse outcomes for neonatal calves. This review explores the effects of beef cow malnutrition during the periparturient period on colostrum production, lactation onset, and passive immunity transfer to calves. Additionally, it discusses the long-term impact of such malnutrition on the offspring. By understanding how nutritional interventions affect the transition from gestation to lactation, it becomes possible to enhance calf health and survival in arid tropical environments. Commonly occurring short-term dietary restrictions, particularly protein deficiencies, can disrupt the hormonal equilibrium, resulting in reduced colostrum volume and quality, hindering calf growth and increasing mortality risks. Furthermore, dietary restrictions during this period affect critical physiological processes such as mammary gland blood flow and fetal small-intestine development. The review explores how these constraints influence colostrum production and immunoglobulin absorption by neonatal calves. Additionally, it highlights the significance of addressing other common nutrient deficiencies such as phosphorus and water and investigates the potential benefits of supplementing microbial products to enhance rumen function and protect cows from inflammation. Ultimately, addressing malnutrition during pregnancy is essential to prevent negative impacts on offspring performance, including alterations in carcass composition and muscle marbling. Consequently, cattle producers who aim for superior muscle marbling in the carcass by using costly genetics should give priority to enhancing nutritional programs for late-pregnant cows. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of malnutrition during the periparturient period on colostrum production, passive immunity transfer, and overall calf health is crucial for developing effective nutritional interventions that improve colostrum production, passive immunity transfer, and overall calf health in rangeland beef cattle systems.
Stockpiling forage (i.e., deferring grazing) is one way to provide forage for livestock during intervals of low pasture growth, but there are trade-offs as nutrient content declines with increasing forage maturity. Phosphorous (P) concentration, crude protein (CP) content and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were evaluated in two C3 and four C4 grasses native to the South American Campos grasslands. These were: Bromus auleticus (BROAUL) and Nasella neessiana (NASNEE) as C3 grasses and Andropogon lateralis (ANDLAT), Mnesithea selloana (MNESEL), Paspalum dilatatum (PASDIL), and Paspalum notatum (PASNOT) as C4 grasses. The grasses were grown in pots during five stockpiling periods (450, 900, 1350, 1800 and 2250 degree days, approximately 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days). As the forage deferment increased, the nutritional value decreased more in C4 than in C3 grasses. Short rest periods (approximately 40 days) are recommended for PASDIL and MNESEL, and medium rest periods (approximately 80 days) for ANDLAT and PASNOT. However, the C3 grasses BROAU and NASNEE maintained high P and CP concentrations and may be the most appropriate option for long rest periods (≥100 days). This information is important to manage different Campos grassland communities for the optimal rest period according to the dominant species.
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