Diet quality and diet patterns in relation to circulating cardiometabolic biomarkers

Abstract

Background & Aims We examined the effects of diet quality and dietary patterns in relation to biomarkers of risk including leptin, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and irisin. Methods We analyzed data from 196 adults cross-sectionally. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis and diet quality scores were generated using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Results Both the alternate healthy eating index-2010 (AHEI-2010) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores were negatively related to CRP, even after controlling for body mass index and total energy intake. Similarly, the prudent diet pattern was negatively related to leptin, sICAM-1, and CRP, whereas the Western diet pattern showed positive associations with these markers; however, after adjusting for all confounders, the associations only remained significant for leptin and sICAM-1. Irisin was positively associated with DASH and the prudent diet after controlling for all confounders (standardized β = 0.23, P = 0.030; standardized β = 0.25, P = 0.021, respectively). Irisin showed positive associations with increasing fruit consumption, whereas the levels of irisin decreased as meat consumption increased. Conclusions Irisin was directly associated with healthy diet types and patterns. Further studies regarding these mechanisms are warranted.

Correlation of metabolic syndrome severity with cardiovascular health markers in adolescents

“…Thus, it is unsurprising that our data shows that the MetS z-score is correlated with serum uric acid and hsCRP measurements, which is consistent with previous studies [7, 8]. LDL and ApoB are significant CVD risk indicators with clear lifestyle influences and other associations with adipocyte abnormalities [31, 32], but have not been considered part of MetS largely in part due to their genetic variability [7, 33–35]. There has been a calling for the use of multiple indices to assess CVD risk, including ApoB, which has been proposed as a more sensitive and reliable index of CVD risk than LDL [2, 31, 36–38].…”

Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and serum C-reactive protein levels: cross-sectional results from the ELSA-Brasil study

“…35 As in the present analysis, some studies have also shown that the association between the Western dietary pattern, consisting mostly of ultra-processed foods, and increased CRP levels, is attenuated after adjustment for BMI or waist circumference. 36,37 A direct relationship between consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity has already been described. [9][10][11] Ultra-processed food consumption has also been correlated with increased BMI and waist circumference after simultaneous adjustment for these variables and other confounding factors in ELSA-Brasil.…”

Pathophysiology of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…Some studies report that irisin is not affected by food intake [157], while others indicate that irisin levels are positively associated with increasing fruit intake and negatively associated with meat consumption [158]. Finally, an inverse association between irisin and higher caloric intake has been shown [159].…”

“…Contrasting data on higher or lower serum irisin levels in relation with metabolic disorders, diet and exercise are worth further investigation and could be mostly due to the inaccuracy and lack of standardization of commercially-available ELISA assays. Mechanisms underlying the protective metabolic effects of irisin are not well understood and seem to be mostly related to higher induced energy expenditure and not to anti-inflammatory activities, such as NF-κB inactivation [157,158,159]. …”