Ryoko KATAGIRI, et al.: Association between Sleep Quality and Diets sleep quality was significantly associated with high carbohydrate intake (p for trend 0.03). Conclusions: A low intake of vegetables and fish, high intake of confectionary and noodles and unhealthy eating habits were independently associated with poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was also associated with high carbohydrate intake in free-living Japanese middle-aged female workers. (J Occup Health 2014; 56: 359-368) Key words: Eating habits, Food intake, Japanese female workers, Sleep quality Inadequate sleep is prevalent in modern societies 1) . Mean sleep duration has decreased in many countries, including Japan 2) , and attention has focused on the associations of inadequate sleep and health outcomes. Associations with inadequate, particularly short, sleep duration have been reported for obesity 3) and total mortality 4) . In the workplace too, shift work 5) and high work demands 6) have been associated with sleep disturbances, and people with poor sleep quality take more sick leave or have problems in occupational activities 7) . Thus, a reduction in sleep disturbance will positively impact both general and working populations.Sleep can be evaluated from two aspects, quantity (sleep duration) and quality. Although adequate methods of evaluating sleep quality have not been rigorously established 8) , Buysse and his group developed the "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)" to evaluate total sleep quality 9) . This questionnaire assesses seven aspects of sleep (subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping medications and daytime dysfunction), and their sum yields a global score for Here, we examined this association using information acquired from validated questionnaires. Methods: A total of 3,129 female workers aged 34 to 65 years were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire (DHQ), and subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The relationship between the intake of several food groups and nutrients and sleep quality was examined using multivariable logistic regression models. The effect of eating habits on sleep quality was also examined. Results: Poor sleep quality was associated with low intake of vegetables (p for trend 0.002) and fish (p for trend 0.04) and high intake of confectionary (p for trend 0.004) and noodles (p for trend 0.03) after adjustment for potential confounding factors (age, body mass index, physical activity, depression score, employment status, alcohol intake and smoking status). Poor sleep quality was also significantly and positively associated with consumption of energy drinks and sugar-sweetened beverages, skipping breakfast, and eating irregularly. In addition, poor