Diet, Physical Activity, and Colorectal Cancer Among Chinese in North America and China

Whittemore, Alice S.; Wu‐Williams, Anna H.; Lee, Marion; Zheng, Shu; Gallagher, Richard P.; Deng-ao, Jiao; Zhou, Lun; Wang, Xianghui; Chen, Kun; Jung, Dexter L.; Teh, Chong; Chengde, Ling; Yao, Xu Jing; Paffenbarger, Ralph S.; Henderson, Brian E.

doi:10.1093/jnci/82.11.915

Cited by 323 publications

(143 citation statements)

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“…Most previous studies examining the association between sedentary behavior and physical activity have done so within the context of occupational activity [21,31,37,53]. Le Marchand et al [53] presented evidence that the number of years spent in sedentary or light work only was directly associated with cancer of the proximal colon in both men and women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Le Marchand et al [53] presented evidence that the number of years spent in sedentary or light work only was directly associated with cancer of the proximal colon in both men and women. A casecontrol study conducted by Whittemore et al [21] observed that the risk for colon and rectal cancer increased with increasing time spent sitting and for those reporting an overall sedentary lifestyle. To our knowledge, ours is the first large cohort study to document risk of colon cancer associated specifically with time spent in sedentary activities outside of an occupational setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the risk of colon and rectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Howard

Freedman

Park

et al. 2008

Cancer Causes Control

202

166

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Objective-In order to prospectively investigate physical activity at varying intensities and sedentary behavior in relation to colorectal cancer.Methods-We considered 488,720 participants of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study who were aged 50-71 years at baseline in 1995-1996. Through 31 December, 2003, we identified 3,240 and 1,482 colorectal cancers among men and women, respectively. We estimated multivariable relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of colorectal cancer using Cox regression.Results-Engaging in exercise/sports five or more times per week compared to never or rarely exercising was associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer among men (p=0.001; RR=0.79, 95% CI=0.68-0.91) and a suggestive decrease in risk among women (p=0.376; RR=0.85, 95% CI=0.70-1.04). Engaging in exercise/sports was also associated with a decreased risk of rectal cancer in men (P=0.074; RR comparing extreme categories=0.76, 95% CI=0.61-0.94). In men, we observed inverse relations of both low intensity (p=0.017; RR=0.81, 95% CI=0.65-1.00 for ≥7 h/week) and moderate to vigorous intensity activity (p=0.037; RR=0.82, 95% CI=0.67-0.99 for =7 h/week) to colon cancer risk. In contrast, sedentary behavior (time spent watching television/videos) was positively associated with colon cancer (p<0.001; RR=1.61, 95% CI=1.14-2.27 for ≥9 h/day) among men. Similar, but less pronounced relations were observed in women.Conclusion-Engaging in physical activity of any intensity is associated with reductions in colon and rectal cancer risk. Conversely, time spent sedentary is associated with increased colon cancer risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the risk of colon and rectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Howard

Freedman

Park

et al. 2008

Cancer Causes Control

202

166

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“…A modified version of a food frequency questionnaire, which had been used in previous studies in Shanghai, 14 was utilized to ascertain information on 99 food items. For each item, women were asked ''During most of your adult life how often did you usually eat.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and other risk factors in women having fibrocystic breast conditions with and without concurrent breast cancer: A nested case‐control study in Shanghai, China

Ray

Lampe

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Risk of breast cancer is increased in women with proliferative benign breast conditions. Most of these conditions, however, do not progress to breast cancer. The purpose of our study was to identify factors possibly associated with this progression. Women with proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions alone (214), and women with proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions and concurrent breast cancer (130), were compared to each other, and each of these groups of women were also compared to 1,070 controls; and 176 women with non-proliferative benign breast conditions alone, and 155 also with breast cancer, were similarly compared. All study subjects were selected from a cohort of women enrolled in a trial of breast self-examination in Shanghai. Women were interviewed to ascertain information on suspected risk factors for breast cancer and dietary habits. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Increased risks of both proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions alone, and with breast cancer, were associated with low parity, a prior benign breast lump and breast cancer in a first-degree relative. Decreasing trends in the risk of both conditions with increasing intake of fruits and vegetables were observed. No factors were significantly associated with risk of breast cancer relative to risk of proliferative changes. Similar, but in some instances weaker, associations were observed for non-proliferative fibrocystic conditions with and without breast cancer. The possible risk or protective factors that were observed in our study most likely alter the risk of breast cancer at an early stage in the carcinogenic process, and probably do not alter risk of progression from proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions to breast cancer. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: breast cancer; fibrocystic breast conditions; risk factors; diet; fruits; vegetables Women who have undergone a breast biopsy for benign breast disease are at increased risk of breast cancer. 1 Although nonproliferative breast conditions do not seem to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions without and with atypia have been associated with 2-fold and 4-fold increased risks of breast cancer, respectively. 2-8 Most women who are diagnosed with proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions do not develop breast cancer, however, suggesting the presence of risk factors necessary for progression.Breast cancer presumably results when a cell first undergoes an initiating genetic alteration, and then either this cell or one of its daughter cells, which inherits that initiating genetic damage is transformed into a cell with malignant characteristics by undergoing one or more subsequent events. In this scenario, proliferative activity may play an important role by increasing the expansion of initiated cells and the likelihood that one will undergo subsequent events ultimately leading to transformation to a malignant phenotype. 9,10 The morp...

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“…10 A prospective cohort study of middleaged Chinese men in Shanghai did not show a significant increase in colorectal cancer mortality among heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers. 11 Of the 3 case-control studies on colorectal cancer risk in different Chinese populations, 6,7,12 only the 1 by Hu et al 7 from northern China showed the amount of annual alcohol consumption to be an important risk factor for colon cancer and male rectal cancer. Even though there have been numerous studies on the various aspects of alcohol exposure, the effect of drinking cessation on colorectal cancer risk is unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Smoking, drinking and colorectal cancer in Hong Kong Chinese: A case‐control study

Ho¹,

Lam²,

Tse³

et al. 2004

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Expert opinions differ on the causal role of cigarettes and alcohol in colorectal cancer. This study investigates such associations in Hong Kong Chinese. A hospital-based casecontrol study was conducted from April 1998 to March 2000. Newly diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma and sex-and age-matched inpatient controls without gastrointestinal and malignant conditions were included. Structured interviews were conducted using a validated questionnaire to study any association of smoking, drinking and the lifelong extent of such exposures with colorectal cancer risk. We successfully interviewed 822 cases and 926 controls. Current regular cigarette smokers had an increased rectal cancer risk (adjusted OR ‫؍‬ 1.44; 95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.001-2.06). Increasing tertiles of smoking duration in ever smokers was also associated with increased rectal cancer risk (p trend ‫؍‬ 0.038). An increased risk of colorectal cancer was found in current drinkers (adjusted OR ‫؍‬ 1.42; 95% CI ‫؍‬ 1.09 -1.85) and in those who drank > 4 days (current and ex-drinkers) or > 4 units (ever and ex-drinkers) weekly. Moreover, colorectal cancer risk was found to decrease with increasing duration of drinking abstention (p trend ‫؍‬ 0.006). This is the first report of a positive association between cigarette smoking and rectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. Current drinkers and those who drank regularly and heavily had increased colorectal cancer risk. Moreover, this study is the first to show that drinking cessation could be effective in reversing such increased risk in a duration-dependent manner. These new findings are important for cancer prevention and healthcare promotion.

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Diet, Physical Activity, and Colorectal Cancer Among Chinese in North America and China

Cited by 323 publications

References 0 publications

Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the risk of colon and rectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the risk of colon and rectal cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Dietary and other risk factors in women having fibrocystic breast conditions with and without concurrent breast cancer: A nested case‐control study in Shanghai, China

Smoking, drinking and colorectal cancer in Hong Kong Chinese: A case‐control study

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