Diet or exercise, or both, for weight reduction in women after childbirth

Abstract

Background Weight retention after pregnancy may contribute to obesity. It is known that diet and exercise are recommended components of any weight loss programme in the general population. However, strategies to achieve healthy body weight among postpartum women have not been adequately evaluated. Objectives The objectives of this review were to evaluate the effect of diet, exercise or both for weight reduction in women after childbirth, and to assess the impact of these interventions on maternal body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, breastfeeding performance and other child and maternal outcomes. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 January 2012) and LILACS (31 January 2012). We scanned secondary references and contacted experts in the field. We updated the search of the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register on 30 April 2013 and added the results to the awaiting classification section of the review. Selection criteria All published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised trials of diet or exercise or both, among women during the postpartum period. Data collection and analysis Both review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Results are presented using risk ratio (RR) for categorical data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data. Data were analysed with a fixed-effect model. A random-effects model was used in the presence of heterogeneity.

Adherence to Breastfeeding Guidelines and Maternal Weight 6 Years After Delivery

“…37 Obese women are at elevated risk for many chronic diseases; postpartum weight retention can exacerbate these risks. 38 Our study suggests that adherence to breastfeeding recommendations may have long-term effects that promote lower weight retention among obese women.…”

‘Fit Moms/Mamás Activas’ internet-based weight control program with group support to reduce postpartum weight retention in low-income women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

“…As indicated, women must be also be between 18 and 40-years-old; English- or Spanish-speaking; non-smoking; primiparous or multiparous; lactating or non-lactating [23,74-76]; and have adequate literacy (at a fifth grade level or beyond). Participants who do not have a computer and/or internet access from home are provided with a laptop computer and/or internet access for study use.…”

Maternal behavioral factors influencing postpartum weight retention. Clinical and metabolic implications

“…Accordingly, Van der Pligt et al 4 pointed out that the most effective interventions are those that include the components of dieting and physical activity.On the other hand, the mentioned studies did not report any adverse effect of physical activity on breastfeeding. 41,42 Moreover, several guidelines on physical activity during postpartum encourage to perform both physical activity and breastfeeding. 43 Despite these observations, many women do not follow such recommendations.…”