Diet of Alouatta belzebul discolor in an Amazonian Rain Forest of Northern Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Pinto, Liliam Patrícia; Setz, Eleonore Zulnara Freire

doi:10.1023/b:ijop.0000043958.75534.7f

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The analysis of the seasonal pattern in the diet, increased consumption of the new leaves in the rainy season is in accordance with the productivity of the period (Takahasi & Fina 2004, Lehn 2008, Ferreira et al 2010, the same can be said of the consumption of fruits, since this period is characterized by a relative abundance of fruit in the majority of the other study sites (Pinto & Setz 2004). A similar pattern can be seen in case of leaves, where folivory predominates in most but not all species of the genus (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…But this characteristic in the diet does not think that the leaves are only the most important goal of the foraging behavior of howlers, fruit, a more energetic item, seems to have a preponderant role in the diet of most species where the fruits were in abundance in rainy seasons (see examples in Pina 1999-A. belzebul, Pinto 2002, Pinto & Setz 2004-A. discolor and Ludwig et al 2008.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, folivory seems to be more pronounced in populations at higher latitudes, especially those of species howler monkeys that A. guariba (Miranda & Passos 2005) and A. caraya ), compared with species whose populations are located closer to the equator in the Amazon region, such as A. belzebul (Pina 1999), A. seniculus (Julliot & Sabatier 1993) and A. discolor (Pinto 2002, Pinto & Setz 2004. This may reflect both productivity levels and, especially, the less pronounced seasonality of the equatorial ecosystems (Odalia- Rímoli et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, we find nine species: A. seniculus, A. macconelli, A. juara, A. nigerrima in the Amazon (Neville et al 1988, Rylands et al 1997, Gregorin 2006, A. discolor in the Mato Grosso part of the Amazon (Pinto 2002, Pinto & Setz 2004, in the northeast of the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon (Pina 1999), A. guariba in the Atlantic Forest from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul (Mendes 1985), and finally Alouatta caraya in the Cerrado and Pantanal regions (Santini 1985, Odalia-Rímoli et al 2008 and in southern limits of the species geographical distribution (Bicca- Marques 1991, Ludwig 2006, Ludwig et al 2008, Miranda 2009, Aguiar 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Diet and Activity Patterns of Black Howler Monkeys Alouatta Caraya (Humboldt, 1812, Primates, Atelidae) in Ecotone Cerrado-Pantanal in the Left Bank of Aquidauana River, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil

Rímoli

Nantes²,

Júnior³

2012

Oecol. Austr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The diet and activity patterns of a group of black howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) were monitored on the left bank of the Aquidauana river over 11 months, from September 2008 to July 2009. The group was composed of eight individuals, two adult males, three females and three immature including subadults and infants. Quantitative data were collected using scan sampling method for 5 minutes with an interval of 15 minutes. The general activities budget (n = 6434 records) was 64.7% rest, 18.5% travel, 10.1% feeding, 4.4% for social behavior and 2.3% for miscellaneous behaviors. The level of rest was similar to patterns of genus (64.7%). The diet (n = 606 records) was composed mainly of leaves (72.8%) and flowers (14.8%) and supplemented by fruits (8.2%) and buds (4.2%). The consumption of reproductive parts of plants, especially flowers, was relatively high by the standards of southerly populations of the species. Members of the group rested significantly less than feed during the rainy season. The diet was marked by the consumption of leaves throughout the study. The consumption was higher in the dry at flowers (17.8%) and fruits in the rainy season (12.9%). It also registered a substantial difference in the behavior of adults and immature individuals, where the first rested significantly more, but spent less time in other categories: food, travel and social interactions. Given this, it's likely that the general budget was under the influence of group's composition, where there was a predominance of mature members, a typical pattern in the genus. The results indicate patterns of behavior and diet that are typical to the genus but marginal for the species. The contrasts can be related mainly to the geographic location of the area of the study, the ecotone Cerrado-Pantanal, and concomitant ecological differences. There is a clear need to continue the studies of A. caraya in the Bororo region, not only for a more systematic assessment of their ecological patterns, but also to contribute to the development of conservation strategies. Keywords: black-howler-monkeys; animal biology; behavioral ecology; activity patterns. (n = 6434 registros) foi de 64,7% para o descanso, 18,5% para o deslocamento, 10.1% para alimentação, 4,4% para o comportamento social e 2,3% para comportamentos não mutuamente exclusivos. O nível de descanso foi similar aos padrões do gênero (64,7%). A dieta (n = 606 registros) foi composta, principalmente por folhas (72,8%) e flores (14,8%) e completada por frutos (8,2%) e brotos (4,2%). O consumo de partes reprodutivas de plantas, principalmente flores, foi relativamente alto para os padrões das populações mais meridionais da espécie. Os membros do grupo descansaram significativamente mais e se alimentaram menos na estação chuvosa em relação à seca. A dieta foi marcada pelo consumo de folhas ao longo do estudo. A ingestão de flores foi significativamente maior na estação seca (17,8%) e a de frutos na chuvosa (12,9%). Foi registrada, também, uma diferença considerável no padrão comportamental d...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diet and Activity Patterns of Black Howler Monkeys Alouatta Caraya (Humboldt, 1812, Primates, Atelidae) in Ecotone Cerrado-Pantanal in the Left Bank of Aquidauana River, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil

Rímoli

Nantes²,

Júnior³

2012

Oecol. Austr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…and spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) gather to consume decaying wood from the same wood hollow (Pinto & Setz 2004 (Huffman & Wrangham 1994;Huffman 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decaying wood is a sodium source for mountain gorillas

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Like several other non-human primates, mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei ) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda consume decaying wood, an interesting but puzzling behaviour. This wood has little obvious nutritional value; it is low in protein and sugar, and high in lignin compared to other foods. We collected pieces of wood eaten and avoided by gorillas, and other foods consumed by gorillas, and measured their sodium content. Wood was substantially higher in sodium than other dietary items, and wood pieces from stumps eaten contained more sodium than those that were avoided. Wood represented only 3.9% of the wet weight food intake of gorillas, but contributed over 95% of dietary sodium, leading us to conclude that decaying wood is an important sodium source for Bwindi gorillas. Because sodium has been leached from the weathered soils characteristic of the subhumid and humid tropics, and because terrestrial plants generally do not require sodium, tropical herbivores, including gorillas, often encounter problems locating the sodium essential for their wellbeing. Decaying wood is an unexpected sodium source.

show abstract

Seasonal variation of diet and food availability in a group of Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China

2006

American J Primatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied the diet and food availability of a group of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys for 14 months (July 2003 to September 2004, except for February) in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China. This species is primarily a lichen eater, with lichens (Usneaceae) accounting for 43.28% of feeding records (n=3,452). Other food types in the diet were young leaves (28.71%), fruits or seeds (14.57%), buds (5.36%), mature leaves (3.51%), herbs (2.09%), bark (1.36%), and flowers (1.13%). The monkeys used 23 plant species. Their diet showed a complicated seasonal variation: the monthly diet varied from primarily lichens in November-April, to a mixture of leaves and lichens in May-July, to a mixture of fruits or seeds and lichens in August-October (the latter depended on annual fruit and seed availability). The proportion of fruits or seeds in the diet was negatively correlated with that of lichens, which suggests that the monkeys prefer fruits or seeds to lichens when all of these items are available. The fruit or seed availability varied greatly between the two study years. The proportion of lichens, young leaves, flowers, and fruits or seeds in the diet was positively associated with their availability. The monkeys appeared to be selective feeders. They preferred 10 tree species for plant parts, and nine tree species for lichens. The selection index of tree species for lichens was positively related to lichen coverage per branch on tree species, demonstrating that the monkeys preferred tree species with abundant lichens, as well as dead trees for lichens. The results suggest that dead-tree harvesting in the reserve could significantly reduce the quality of habitat for these monkeys, and should therefore be prohibited. Connus controversa, Cerasus discadenia, Salix willichiana, and Malus halliana should be conserved as top priority species because the monkeys preferred them for both their vegetative parts and the lichens that grow on them.

show abstract

Diet of Alouatta belzebul discolor in an Amazonian Rain Forest of Northern Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

Diet and Activity Patterns of Black Howler Monkeys Alouatta Caraya (Humboldt, 1812, Primates, Atelidae) in Ecotone Cerrado-Pantanal in the Left Bank of Aquidauana River, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil

Diet and Activity Patterns of Black Howler Monkeys Alouatta Caraya (Humboldt, 1812, Primates, Atelidae) in Ecotone Cerrado-Pantanal in the Left Bank of Aquidauana River, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil

Decaying wood is a sodium source for mountain gorillas

Seasonal variation of diet and food availability in a group of Sichuan snub‐nosed monkeys in Shennongjia Nature Reserve, China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About