Diet, obesity and colorectal carcinoma risk: results from a national cancer registry-based middle-eastern study

Abstract

BackgroundCancer of colon and rectum (colorectal) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. There is a scarcity of published data on the risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) from the Middle-Eastern countries specifically in Kuwait. Therefore, this matched case-control study sought to examine the risk factors associated with CRC in Kuwait.MethodsOne hundred and three histopathologically confirmed colorectal cancer cases were recruited from Kuwait Cancer Control Centre Registry. Two hundred and six controls matched with cases (2:1 ratio) on age, gender and nationality were selected from medical, ophthalmology, orthopedic and/ or surgical out-patient clinics at three main general hospitals in Kuwait. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from cases and controls through face-to-face interview. Adjusted matched odds ratios (mORadj) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using a multivariable conditional logistic regression model.ResultsMultivariable conditional logistic regression model showed that cases were 4.3 times more likely to have had attainted obesity (BMI ≥ 30) in their lifetime compared to controls (mORadj = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.6–11.4). Compared to controls, cases rarely consumed fruits and vegetable (mORadj = 20.8; 95% CI: 4.4–99.5), tended to consume red meat 2–3 times a week (mORadj = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.6–8.7) or more than 4 times a week (mORadj = 9.4; 95% CI: 2.5–35.4). Reportedly cases compared to controls frequently (nearly every week) suffered from constipation (mORadj = 5.6; 95% CI: 1.9–16.5). However, CRC cases were less likely than controls to have been diagnosed in the past with hypercholesterolemia (mORadj = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2–0.7) or diabetes mellitus type II (mORadj = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8).ConclusionsObesity, excessive red meat consumption and infrequent fruits/vegetables intake were associated with an increased CRC risk. Overcoming identified pitfalls in dietary pattern and maintenance of healthy weight may help minimize CRC risk in Kuwait and perhaps other countries in the region. Further studies on genetic basis in conjunction with life styles and dietary factors may unravel their joint contributions to CRC risk and furnish tools for curtailing CRC risk in this and other similar populations.

Dietary Patterns and Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index in Southern Brazil and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study

“…The recommended intake is one serving daily; however, in this investigation, it was observed that patients with CRC consumed beans less frequently than recommended. Our findings are similar to other related studies in which CRC patients, compared with controls, rarely consumed fruits and vegetables (OR 20.8), and a tendency to consume red meat 2 -3 times a week (OR 3,8) or more than four times a week (OR 9.4) [8], emphasizing the relationship between dietary pattern and colorectal carcinogenesis. Fresh fruit consumption was also inversely correlated with CRC incidence (p = 0.012) in a study [22].…”

“…As showed in Figure 3(b) patients with CRC consumed less daily intake of these foods compared to the control group. To prevent CRC, WHO recommends a daily intake of at least 400 grams of non-starchy fruits and vegetables, emphasizing the risk associated with insufficient intake, as found in our research and corroborated by other similar studies [8] [53].…”

“…A higher prevalence of colon cancer diagnosis compared to the rectum was found in other epidemiological studies, being associated with its extension and longer exposure to dietary carcinogens [8] [22]. In contrast, the lower prevalence of women diagnosed with CRC was also observed in other similar studies [23] [24], attributing the greatest concern with health, in addition to hormonal factors.…”

Eine gesunde Darmmikrobiota unterstützt die Barriere-Funktion der Mukosa

“…Die Wissenschaftler beobachteten bei übergewichtigen Mäusen ein Leaky Gut und ein häufigeres Auftreten von Darmkrebs [23]. Auch beim Menschen fördert Übergewicht das Entstehen einer Insulinresistenz und erhöht das Risiko für Darmkrebs [41].…”

Anticarcinogenic potential of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Trichosanthes kirilowii in colon cancer cells through the induction of apoptotic pathway

“…It accounts for 1.36 million new cases and 774,000 deaths every year all over the world [1]. Chronic constipation, obesity, chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, alcohol consumption and high-fat diets are considered as a major cause of colorectal cancer [2,3]. A vast amount of research has been concentrated upon the precise mechanism of colon cancer, and the efficient preventive/therapeutic agent for colon cancer has become a focal point of remedial health investigations [4].…”