Diet, microorganisms and their metabolites, and colon cancer

O'Keefe, Stephen J.D.

doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.165

Cited by 822 publications

(680 citation statements)

References 174 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

623

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These SCFAs are crucial for intestinal health and their activity can subsequently influence sites distant to the gut, with different SCFAs having varying functions. SCFAs can modulate certain aspects of meta bolic activity including colonocyte function, gut homeo stasis, energy gain, the immune system, blood lipids, appetite and renal physiology, as reviewed elsewhere 16,51,52 .…”

Section: Prebiotic Utilization and Host Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

Gibson

Hutkins

Sanders³

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

3,752

2,428

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In December 2016, a panel of experts in microbiology, nutrition and clinical research was convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics to review the definition and scope of prebiotics. Consistent with the original embodiment of prebiotics, but aware of the latest scientific and clinical developments, the panel updated the definition of a prebiotic: a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. This definition expands the concept of prebiotics to possibly include non-carbohydrate substances, applications to body sites other than the gastrointestinal tract, and diverse categories other than food. The requirement for selective microbiota-mediated mechanisms was retained. Beneficial health effects must be documented for a substance to be considered a prebiotic. The consensus definition applies also to prebiotics for use by animals, in which microbiota-focused strategies to maintain health and prevent disease is as relevant as for humans. Ultimately, the goal of this Consensus Statement is to engender appropriate use of the term 'prebiotic' by relevant stakeholders so that consistency and clarity can be achieved in research reports, product marketing and regulatory oversight of the category. To this end, we have reviewed several aspects of prebiotic science including its development, health benefits and legislation

show abstract

Section: Prebiotic Utilization and Host Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

Gibson

Hutkins

Sanders³

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

3,752

2,428

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Methylation changes are particularly prevalent in colorectal cancer and may also be detected in pre-malignant hyperplastic polyps that have yet to acquire characteristic genetic mutations (91). Indeed, the epigenome of gastrointestinal cells appears particularly sensitive to environmental stimuli, such as inflammation or butyrate levels associated with diet and microbiome (92). Cancer-specific rewiring of glucose metabolism (“Warburg effect”) can further butyrate accumulation, resulting in histone deacetylase inhibition and increased cancer cell proliferation (93).…”

Section: Non-genetic Stimuli Of Plasticity or Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic plasticity and the hallmarks of cancer

Flavahan

Gaskell

Bernstein

2017

Science

1,019

804

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chromatin and associated epigenetic mechanisms stabilize gene expression and cellular states, while also facilitating appropriate responses to developmental or environmental cues. Genetic, environmental or metabolic insults can induce overly restrictive or overly permissive epigenetic landscapes that contribute to pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases. Restrictive chromatin states may prevent appropriate induction of tumor suppressor programs or block differentiation. By contrast, permissive or ‘plastic’ states may allow stochastic oncogene activation or non-physiologic cell fate transitions. While many stochastic events will be inconsequential ‘passengers’, some will confer fitness and be selected as ‘drivers’. We review the broad roles played by epigenetic aberrations in tumor initiation and evolution, and their potential to give rise to all classic hallmarks of cancer.

show abstract

“…Protein residues and fat-stimulated bile acids are also metabolized by the microbiota to inflammatory and/or carcinogenic metabolites, which increase the risk of neoplastic progression. These microbial metabolite effects can be modified by diet to achieve the objective of preventing colorectal cancer in Western societies [110].…”

Section: Microbiota As Target For Functional Modulation Functional Numentioning

confidence: 99%

The human gut microbiome as source of innovation for health: Which physiological and therapeutic outcomes could we expect?

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary From the moment of birth, each human being builds a microbe-host symbiosis which is key for the preservation of its health and well-being. This personal symbiotic coexistence is the result of progressive enrichments in microorganism diversity through external supplies. This diversity is nowadays massively overthrown by drastic changes related to clinical practice in birth management, environmental exposure, nutrition and healthcare behaviors. The last two generations have been the frame of massive modifications in life and food habits, with people being more and more sedentary, overfed and permeated with drugs and pollutants. We are now able to measure the impact of these changes on the gut microbiota diversity. Concomitantly, these modifications of lifestyle were associated with a dramatic increase in incidence of immune-mediated diseases including metabolic, allergic and inflammatory diseases and most likely neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Microbiota is becoming a hot topic in the scientific community and in the mainstream media. The number of scientific publications increased by up to a factor three over the last five years, with gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases being the most productive areas. In the intellectual property landscape, the patent families on microbiota have more than doubled in the meantime. In parallel, funding either from National Institutes (e.g. from NIH which funds research mainly in the field of allergies, infections, cancer and cardiovascular diseases, from the White House which launched the national microbiome initiative) or by pharmaceutical companies follow the same trend, showing a boost and a strong support in the research field on microbiota. All major health players are investing in microbiome research as shown by the number of deals signed and by funding during 2015. The Giens round table addressed how the medicine of tomorrow, considering human beings as a human-microbe symbiotic supraorganism, could leverage microbiome knowledge and tools. The rationale for our working group has been structured around four domains of innovation that could derive from ongoing efforts in deciphering the interactions between human cells and intestinal microbiome as a central component of human health, namely: (1) development of stratification and monitoring tools; (2) identification of new target and drug discovery, as a part of our supra-genome; (4) exploitation of microbiota as a therapeutic target that can be modulated; (4) and finally as a source of live biotherapeutics and adjuvants. These four streams will exemplify how microbiota has changed the way we consider a wide range of chronic and incurable diseases and the consequences of long-lasting dysbiosis. In-depth microbiota analysis is opening one of the broadest fields of investigation for improving human and animal health and will be a source of major therapeutic innovations for tackling today's medical unmet needs. We thus propose a range of recommendations for basic researchers, care givers as well as for hea...

show abstract

Diet, microorganisms and their metabolites, and colon cancer

Cited by 822 publications

References 174 publications

Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

Epigenetic plasticity and the hallmarks of cancer

The human gut microbiome as source of innovation for health: Which physiological and therapeutic outcomes could we expect?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About