Diet-Microbiota-Brain Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Kincaid, Halle J; Nagpal, Ravinder; Yadav, Hariom

doi:10.1159/000515700

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There is consistent evidence supporting the ability of diet and dietary supplements to influence the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through the microbiota−gut−brain axis [ 14 ]. Mechanisms of communication between the gut microbiota and brain primarily involve the regulation of the immune system and the activation of neural and endocrine pathways by the gut microbiota or its by-products [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Neuroprotective Effects of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Supplementation Involve the Microbiota−Gut−Brain Axis

et al. 2022

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Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hallmarks in SAMP8 mice. Since gut microbiota can play a critical role in the AD progression, we have studied if the neuroprotective effects of SDP involve the microbiota−gut−brain axis. Experiments were performed on two-month-old SAMP8 mice fed a standard diet and on six-month-old SAMP8 mice fed a control diet or an 8% SDP supplemented diet for four months. Senescence impaired short- and long-term memory, reduced cortical brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) abundance, increased interleukin (Il)-1β, Il-6, and Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) expression, and reduced transforming growth factor β (Tgf-β) expression and IL-10 concentration (all p < 0.05) and these effects were mitigated by SDP (all p < 0.05). Aging also increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and colon (all p < 0.05). SDP attenuated both colonic and systemic inflammation in aged mice (all p < 0.05). SDP induced the proliferation of health-promoting bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Pediococcus, while reducing the abundance of inflammation-associated bacteria, such as Johnsonella and Erysipelothrix (both q < 0.1). In conclusion, SDP has mucosal and systemic anti-inflammatory effects as well as neuroprotective properties in senescent mice; these effects are well correlated with SDP promotion of the abundance of probiotic species, which indicates that the gut–brain axis could be involved in the peripheral effects of SDP supplementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diet and dietary supplements are essential factors that can modulate the gut microbiota by increasing or decreasing the levels of some bacterial species and thereby modify the abundance of certain metabolites of microbial origin. In addition, they can play a vital role in protecting against AD via the gut−brain axis [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroprotective Effects of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Supplementation Involve the Microbiota−Gut−Brain Axis

et al. 2022

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“…Gut dysbiosis has been proposed as an etiology in patients with AD [ 46 , 47 ]. Indeed, several gut microbiota have been reported to be associated with cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Studies of the oxidative/anti-oxidative status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) carrying different alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are currently inconclusive; meanwhile, data regarding mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) remain limited. We herein determined the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), thiols, and mtCN in blood samples of 600 AD patients and 601 controls. A significantly higher oxidative TBARS (1.64 μmol/L), lower antioxidative thiols (1.60 μmol/L), and lower mtCN (2.34 log Delta Ct) were found in the AD cohort as compared to the non-AD cohort (1.54 μmol/L, 1.71 μmol/L, 2.46 log Delta Ct). We further identified the ε4 alleles (APOE4) and separated subjects into three groups according to the number of APOE4. A significant trend was noted in the TBARS levels of both AD and non-AD cohorts, highest in the homozygous two alleles (1.86 and 1.80 μmol/L), followed by heterozygous one allele (1.70 and 1.74 μmol/L), and lowest in the no APOE4 allele (1.56 and 1.48 μmol/L). Similar trends of lower thiols and mtCN were also found in the AD cohort. In our study of the influence of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy, we found significantly reduced TBARS levels, and elevated mtCN in AD patients receiving rivastigmine and galantamine therapy. Our study demonstrates associations between the APOE4 allele and oxidative stress biomarkers and mtCN. Using cholinesterase inhibitor therapy may benefit AD patients through attenuation of oxidative stress and manipulation of the mtCN.

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“…Of various factors influencing our gut microbiome, diet is one of the most prominent elements that strongly regulates and shapes the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome [1,4]. Research over the past two decades has consistently evidenced how abnormal perturbations in the gut microbiome (gut dysbiosis) due to imprudent or unhealthy dietary patterns such as those with high levels of saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, or highly processed foods can lead to increased predisposition to various intestinal disorders and extra-intestinal pathologies [2,5]. While a significant focus of diet-microbiome research has been on dietary macronutrients (e.g., fiber, fatty acids, protein sources) and micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, iron, magnesium, calcium, zinc, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures in Mice Treated with Commonly Used Food Preservatives

2021

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Diet is one of the most important factors regulating and influencing the composition of our gut microbiome, but the specific effects of commonly used antimicrobial agents i.e., food preservatives present within foods, are not completely understood. In this study, we examined the effect of the three widely used food-grade preservatives i.e., benzoic acid, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite, in recommended levels, on the gut microbiota diversity and composition in a mouse model. The analysis of β-diversity reveals distinct signatures of the gut microbiota between mice consuming different preservatives. Further analyses of α-diversity indices also show that the three preservatives induce specific patterns of microbial diversity, with diversity being lowest in mice consuming potassium sorbate. In terms of bacterial abundance, each of the three preservatives demonstrated unique microbial signatures, mainly affecting the proportions of bacterial taxa belonging to Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria. Specifically, we find the increased proportion of Bacteroides, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Oscillospira, and Dorea in mice fed with benzoate; increased abundance of Firmicutes, Turicibacter, and Alkaliphilus by sodium nitrate; and increased proportion of Parabacteroides and Adlercreutzia by potassium sorbate. The findings improve our understanding of how food-grade preservatives may influence the gut microbiota composition and diversity and should facilitate prospective studies investigating diet-microbiome interactions in relation to intestinal and metabolic health.

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Diet-Microbiota-Brain Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

The Neuroprotective Effects of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Supplementation Involve the Microbiota−Gut−Brain Axis

The Neuroprotective Effects of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Supplementation Involve the Microbiota−Gut−Brain Axis

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Associated with APOE4 Allele and Cholinesterase Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures in Mice Treated with Commonly Used Food Preservatives

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