Diet, microbiota, and the mucus layer: The guardians of our health

Suriano, Francesco; Nyström, Eva; Sergi, Domenico; Gustafsson, Jenny

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.953196

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…Dietary components are key factors influencing gut microbiota composition and human health (32,33). As previously performed (15), we used quantitative microbiome profiling (QMP) and determined the total microbial cell count in feces collected on days 0, 8, 29, and 56 using flow cytometry.…”

Section: Dietary Fat As the Determining Factor For Microbial Load And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat and not sugar as the determining factor for gut microbiota changes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders in mice

Suriano

Vieira-Silva

Falony

et al. 2023

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Diet-induced obesity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Overall, obesity is associated with deviations in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota. There are many divergent findings regarding the link between the excessive intake of certain dietary components (i.e., fat and sugar) and obesity development. We therefore investigated the effect of specific diets, with a different content in sugar and fat, in promoting obesity and related comorbidities as well as their impact on microbial load and gut microbiota composition/diversity.C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low-sugar, low-fat control diet (CT), a high-sugar diet (HS), a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HF/HS), or a high-fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks. The impact of the different diets on obesity, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative and ER stress were determined. Diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota composition and density were also analyzed.HF diet-fed mice showed the highest body weight and fat mass gains and displayed the most impaired glucose and insulin profiles. HS, HF/HS, and HF diets differently affected hepatic cholesterol content and mRNA expression of several markers associated with immune cells, inflammation, oxidative and ER stress in several organs/tissues. Additionally, HF diet feeding resulted in a decreased microbial load at the end of the experiment. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that HS, HF/HS, and HF diets induced specific changes in the abundance of certain bacterial taxa. Taken together, our results highlight that dietary intake of different macronutrients distinctively impacts the development of an obese/diabetic state and the regulation of metabolic inflammation in specific organs. We propose that these differences are not only obesity-driven but that changes in the gut microbiota composition may play a key role in this context.

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Section: Dietary Fat As the Determining Factor For Microbial Load And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat and not sugar as the determining factor for gut microbiota changes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders in mice

Suriano

Vieira-Silva

Falony

et al. 2023

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…The alteration of the delicate gut microbiota homeostasis, primary endogenous source of LPS [ 18 ], and gut barrier dysfunction [ 27 , 33 ] are the driver of endotoxemia [ 141 ]. At the beginning of this cascade, there are well-known oncogenic risk factors, such as alcohol consumption, unhealthy diets, obesity, and other chronic inflammatory conditions [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 142 ].…”

Section: Blocking Lps/tlr-4/m2 Cascade: Therapeutic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the driving force of increased intestinal permeability, with consequent systemic inflammation related to BT and LPS overload, called endotoxemia [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. The detrimental effects of unhealthy diets on gut barrier and microbiota also include a shift towards mucus-degrading bacteria, the increase in intestinal permeability, and bacterial translocation [ 33 ]. All the above-mentioned mechanisms lead to an exacerbated activation of the LPS-TLR-4-pathway, resulting in an amplified inflammatory response involving the whole organism, with acute and chronic harmful consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxemia and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Insight into the Mechanisms Underlying a Dangerous Relationship

et al. 2023

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is a component of the membrane of gram-negative bacteria and a well-recognized marker of sepsis. In case of disruption of the intestinal barrier, as occurs with unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption, or during chronic diseases, the microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract becomes a crucial factor in amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. Indeed, the translocation of LPS into the bloodstream and its interaction with toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers molecular pathways involved in cytokine release and immune dysregulation. This is a critical step in the exacerbation of many diseases, including metabolic disorders and cancer. Indeed, the role of LPS in cancer development is widely recognized, and examples include gastric tumor related to Helicobacter pylori infection and hepatocellular carcinoma, both of which are preceded by a prolonged inflammatory injury; in addition, the risk of recurrence and development of metastasis appears to be associated with endotoxemia. Here, we review the mechanisms that link the promotion and progression of tumorigenesis with endotoxemia, and the possible therapeutic interventions that can be deployed to counteract these events.

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“…behaviours [5][6][7], many individuals continue to engage in a sedentary lifestyle and poor nutritional habits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Health Behaviours, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Gut Microbiota in a Cross-Sectional Sample of Cancer Survivors: Secondary Analysis from the Chemo-Gut Study

Deleemans¹,

Chleilat²,

Reimer³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Health behaviors, such as diet and exercise, are actions individuals take that can potentially impact gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and the gut microbiota. Little is known about how health behaviours impact GI symptoms and the gut microbiota after anti-cancer therapies. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study that investigated relationships between GI symptoms, gut microbiota, and patient-reported outcomes in adult cancer survivors. Gut microbiota was assessed from stool samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. GI symptoms and health behaviors were measured via self-report. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, and correlation analyses are reported. Results: A total of 334 cancer survivors participated and a subsample of 17 provided stool samples. Most survivors rated their diet as moderately healthy (55.7%) and reported engaging in low intensity exercise (53.9%) for ≤5 hours/week (69.1%). Antibiotic use was associated with more belly pain, constipation, and diarrhea (p&lt; .05). Survivors consuming a healthier diet had fewer symptoms of gas/bloating (p= 0.02). Better diet health was positively correlated with Lachnospiraceae abundance, and negatively with Bacteroides abundance (ps &lt;.05). Greater exercise frequency positively correlated with abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Anaerostipes, Alistipes, and Subdoligranulum. (ps&lt;.05). Conclusion: Results provide evidence for associations between dietary health behaviours and GI symptoms. Diet and exercise behaviours are related to certain types of bacteria, but the direction of causality is unknown. Dietary-based interventions may be optimally suited to address survivors’ GI symptoms by influencing the gut microbiota. Larger trials are needed.

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Diet, microbiota, and the mucus layer: The guardians of our health

Cited by 48 publications

References 176 publications

Fat and not sugar as the determining factor for gut microbiota changes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders in mice

Fat and not sugar as the determining factor for gut microbiota changes, obesity, and related metabolic disorders in mice

Endotoxemia and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Insight into the Mechanisms Underlying a Dangerous Relationship

Associations Between Health Behaviours, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Gut Microbiota in a Cross-Sectional Sample of Cancer Survivors: Secondary Analysis from the Chemo-Gut Study

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