Diet-induced impulsivity: Effects of a high-fat and a high-sugar diet on impulsive choice in rats

Steele, Catherine C.; Pirkle, Jesseca R. A.; Kirkpatrick, Kimberly

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180510

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Scaling of the continuous variable of SS Delay was adapted from Wileyto et al (2004) and scaled relative to the 30-s LL delay (SS delay / LL delay). For the overall intercept, we determined an estimate of the predicted bias for immediacy at an SS delay of 0 s (Steele et al 2017). The unstandardized regression coefficients ( b -values) and their 95% confidence intervals are reported from the model and are scaled as log odds ratios.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Females in the forefront: time-based intervention effects on impulsive choice and interval timing in female rats

et al. 2018

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Impulsive choice has been implicated in substance abuse, gambling, obesity, and other maladaptive behaviors. Deficits in interval timing may increase impulsive choices, and therefore could serve as an avenue through which suboptimal impulsive choices can be moderated. Temporal interventions have successfully attenuated impulsive choices in male rats, but the efficacy of a temporal intervention has yet to be assessed in female rats. As such, this experiment examined timing and choice behavior in female rats, and evaluated the ability of a temporal intervention to mitigate impulsive choice behavior. The temporal intervention administered in this study was successful in reducing impulsive choices compared to a control group. Results of a temporal bisection task indicated that the temporal intervention increased long responses at the shorter durations. Further, results from the peak trials within the choice task combined with the progressive interval task suggest that the intervention increased sensitivity to delay and enhanced timing confidence. Overall, these results indicate that a temporal intervention can be a successful avenue for reducing impulsive choice behavior in female rats, and could contribute to the development of behavioral interventions to prevent impulsive choice and maladaptive behaviors that can be applied to both sexes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Females in the forefront: time-based intervention effects on impulsive choice and interval timing in female rats

et al. 2018

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“…The majority of the gut-derived peptides also play a role in the central regulation of appetite and food intake, in particular via hypothalamus nuclei [28][29][30][31][32]. Interestingly, obesity and psychiatric disorders are commonly associated [33][34][35][36][37], and a Westernized diet appears to exceed beyond nutrition, modulating behavioral reward and the development of psychopathologies [38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides

et al. 2018

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The complex bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain is finely orchestrated by different systems, including the endocrine, immune, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Moreover, increasing evidence supports the role of the microbiome and microbiota-derived molecules in regulating such interactions; however, the mechanisms underpinning such effects are only beginning to be resolved. Microbiota-gut peptide interactions are poised to be of great significance in the regulation of gut-brain signaling. Given the emerging role of the gut-brain axis in a variety of brain disorders, such as anxiety and depression, it is important to understand the contribution of bidirectional interactions between peptide hormones released from the gut and intestinal bacteria in the context of this axis. Indeed, the gastrointestinal tract is the largest endocrine organ in mammals, secreting dozens of different signaling molecules, including peptides. Gut peptides in the systemic circulation can bind cognate receptors on immune cells and vagus nerve terminals thereby enabling indirect gut-brain communication. Gut peptide concentrations are not only modulated by enteric microbiota signals, but also vary according to the composition of the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we will discuss the gut microbiota as a regulator of anxiety and depression, and explore the role of gut-derived peptides as signaling molecules in microbiome-gut-brain communication. Here, we summarize the potential interactions of the microbiota with gut hormones and endocrine peptides, including neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin, and ghrelin in microbiome-to-brain signaling. Together, gut peptides are important regulators of microbiota-gut-brain signaling in health and stress-related psychiatric illnesses.

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“…Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of experiencing the delay and/or magnitude of the reward on choice behavior. Repeated measures logistic regressions were used to parse different aspects of choice: sensitivity to delay and sensitivity to magnitude [32,35,36]. Experiment 1 compared impulsive choice on a task where participants experienced the delay and consumed the rewards (real-delay, real-reward) to impulsive choice on a task where participants experienced the delay but did not consume the rewards (real-delay, hypothetical-reward).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience Matters: The Effects of Hypothetical versus Experiential Delays and Magnitudes on Impulsive Choice in Delay Discounting Tasks

et al. 2019

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Impulsive choice in humans is typically measured using hypothetical delays and rewards. In two experiments, we determined how experiencing the delay and/or the reward affected impulsive choice behavior. Participants chose between two amounts of real or hypothetical candy (M&Ms) after a real or hypothetical delay (5–30 s), where choosing the shorter delay was the impulsive choice. Experiment 1 compared choice behavior on a real-delay, real-reward (RD/RR) task where participants received M&Ms after experiencing the delays versus a real-delay, hypothetical-reward (RD/HR) task where participants accumulated hypothetical M&Ms after experiencing the delays. Experiment 2 compared the RD/HR task and a hypothetical-delay, hypothetical-reward (HD/HR) task where participants accumulated hypothetical M&Ms after hypothetical delays. The results indicated that choices did not differ between real and hypothetical M&Ms (Experiment 1), and participants were less sensitive to delay and more larger-later (LL)-preferring with hypothetical delays compared to real delays (Experiment 2). Experiencing delays to reward may be important for modeling real-world impulsive choices where delays are typically experienced. These novel experiential impulsive choice tasks may improve translational methods for comparison with animal models and may be improved procedures for predicting real-life choice behavior in humans.

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Diet-induced impulsivity: Effects of a high-fat and a high-sugar diet on impulsive choice in rats

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Females in the forefront: time-based intervention effects on impulsive choice and interval timing in female rats

Females in the forefront: time-based intervention effects on impulsive choice and interval timing in female rats

Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides

Experience Matters: The Effects of Hypothetical versus Experiential Delays and Magnitudes on Impulsive Choice in Delay Discounting Tasks

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