Diet impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics

Abstract

Diet induced obesity is associated with impaired mitochondrial function and dynamic behavior. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and the balance in fusion/fission is strictly associated with their bioenergetics. Fusion processes are associated with the optimization of mitochondrial function, whereas fission processes are associated with the removal of damaged mitochondria. In diet-induced obesity, impaired mitochondrial function and increased fission processes were found in liver and skeletal muscle. Diverse dietary fat sources differently affect mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. In contrast to saturated fatty acids, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce fusion processes and improve mitochondrial function. Moreover, the pro-longevity effect of caloric restriction has been correlated with changes in mitochondrial dynamics leading to decreased cell oxidative injury. Noteworthy, emerging findings revealed an important role for mitochondrial dynamics within neuronal populations involved in central regulation of body energy balance. In conclusion, mitochondrial dynamic processes with their strict interconnection with mitochondrial bioenergetics are involved in energy balance and diet impact on metabolic tissues.

Mitochondrial activity and dynamics changes regarding metabolism in ageing and obesity

“…Impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics have been associated with diet induced obesity mainly affecting liver and skeletal muscle (Putti et al, 2015). These dysfunctions have been modulated by CR and exercise (Putti et al, 2015).…”

“…A considerable body of evidence demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction also plays an important role in obesity and obesity-related diseases such as insulin resistance and fatty liver. Impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics have been associated with diet induced obesity mainly affecting liver and skeletal muscle (Putti et al, 2015). These dysfunctions have beenhave been regulated modulated by CR and exercise (Putti et al, 2015).…”

“…Impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics have been associated with diet induced obesity mainly affecting liver and skeletal muscle (Putti et al, 2015). These dysfunctions have beenhave been regulated modulated by CR and exercise (Putti et al, 2015). Further, induction of mitochondrial dysfunction by blocking respiration or knocking down the mitochondrial transcription factor A induce insulin resistance in human adipocytes and affects the secretion of adiponectin in an effect attributed to the increase in ROS production by defective mitochondria (Wang et al, 2013).…”

Establishment of a 3D In Vitro Model to Accelerate the Development of Human Therapies against Corneal Diabetes

“…Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely associated with altered cellular metabolism [41,42,45,70]. The loss of mitochondrial function and integrity has often been found to lead to various pathological conditions and diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative disorders and different eye related diseases [71–73].…”

Tissue Specific Impacts of a Ketogenic Diet on Mitochondrial Dynamics in the BTBRT+tf/j Mouse

“…Originally studied as a model of insulin resistance (Flowers et al, 2007), the BTBR mouse demonstrates a tempered metabolic disturbance to the KD diet rich in fatty acids compared to B6 mice. In its early stages, insulin resistance results in augmented mitochondrial bioenergetics and enzyme activity—but the continued insult having the opposite effect and eventually led to impaired mitochondrial function and dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics in the liver (Putti et al, 2015). Therefore, there were likely early mitochondrial adaptations in the BTBR mouse stemming from a pre-disposition to insulin resistance and as a result, the impact of the KD on mitochondrial respiration was less pronounced.…”