Diet during Rotavirus Enteritis Affects Jejunal Permeability to Macromolecules in Suckling Rats

Isolauri, Erika; Kaila, Minna; Arvola, Taina; Majamaa, Heli; Rantala, Immo; Virtanen, Elina; Arvilommi, Heikki

doi:10.1203/00006450-199306000-00002

Cited by 77 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the RV enterotoxin NSP4 induces paracellular leakage in polarized epithelial cells and prevents lateral targeting of ZO-1 (20). In line with this, it has also been demonstrated in Ussing chamber experiments that the electrical tissue conductance is increased in RV-infected intestines (11,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 52%

Rotavirus Infection Increases Intestinal Motility but Not Permeability at the Onset of Diarrhea

Istrate

Hagbom

Vikström

et al. 2014

J Virol

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The disease mechanisms associated with onset and secondary effects of rotavirus (RV) diarrhea remain to be determined and may not be identical. In this study, we investigated whether onset of RV diarrhea is associated with increased intestinal permeability and/or motility. To study the transit time, fluorescent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was given to RV-infected adult and infant mice. Intestinal motility was also studied with an opioid receptor agonist (loperamide) and a muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine). To investigate whether RV increases permeability at the onset of diarrhea, fluorescent 4-and 10-kDa dextran doses were given to infected and noninfected mice, and fluorescence intensity was measured subsequently in serum. RV increased transit time in infant mice. Increased motility was detected at 24 h postinfection (h p.i.) and persisted up to 72 h p.i in pups. Both loperamide and atropine decreased intestinal motility and attenuated diarrhea. Analysis of passage of fluorescent dextran from the intestine into serum indicated unaffected intestinal permeability at the onset of diarrhea (24 to 48 h p.i.). We show that RV-induced diarrhea is associated with increased intestinal motility via an activation of the myenteric nerve plexus, which in turn stimulates muscarinic receptors on intestinal smooth muscles. IMPORTANCEWe show that RV-infected mice have increased intestinal motility at the onset of diarrhea, and that this is not associated with increased intestinal permeability. These new observations will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in RV diarrhea.

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mentioning

confidence: 52%

Rotavirus Infection Increases Intestinal Motility but Not Permeability at the Onset of Diarrhea

Istrate

Hagbom

Vikström

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“…The possible mechanism of probiotic therapy have been hypothesized to include the normalization of increased intestinal permeability and altered gut microbiota, or could result from improvement of the intestine's immunological barrier and alleviation of the intestinal inflammatory response [21][22][23]. In this preliminary study, we have observed that Probiotictreated and Giardia-Infected mice (Group IV and V) suffered neither from severe Giardia infection nor had high levels of specific serum anti-Giardia IgG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Protective potential of L. acidophilus in murine giardiasis

et al. 2010

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AbstractThis study describes the in vivo activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Giardia lamblia infected BALB/c mice. Experimentally, it was observed that daily administration of lactobacilli 7 days before or in simultaneous inoculation with Giardia trophozoites efficiently reduced G. lamblia infection in mice. More specifically, excretion of Giardia cysts were reduced significantly in probiotic-treated groups, and resolution of infection was observed by day 21 post-inoculation. It was also observed that the lactobacillus count increased tremendously and continuously in faeces of all probiotic-fed mice, and was significantly higher as compared with that in control mice. Histological analysis of microvilli membrane integrity revealed that probiotic administration also protected mice against parasite-induced mucosal damage, whereas Giardia-infected mice had severe villous atrophy, oedema, vacuolation and ileitis. Immunologically, the anti-Giardia serum IgG level was not stimulated significantly by probiotic treatment administered both prior to and simultaneous with Giardia infection, but remained high after the infection peak. Taken together, the data demonstrates the anti-giardial effect of the probiotic in vivo by modulation of the intestinal epithelial cells, inhibiting the colonization of Giardia trophozoites and thereby reducing the severity of Giardia infection.

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“…Neonatal mice and rats provide reliable animal models for studying the kinetics of viremia, spread, and pathology of rotavirus and also immune responses during a primary rotavirus infection (229). In rotavirus-infected rodent models, L. rhamnosus GG reversed the rotavirus-induced increase in intestinal barrier permeability (263), reduced both the duration and the severity of the resulting diarrhea and the histopathological changes and virus load in the intestine in combination with antirotavirus antibodies (264), and shortened the duration of diarrhea and decreased epithelium vacuolation in the jejunum (265). In germfree suckling rats receiving milk fermented by the L. casei strain DN-114 001 and infected with rotavirus, the frequency of stools and severity of diarrhea were reduced, as were intestinal cell lesions, including cell vacuolation and changes in the morphology of the intestinal villi (266).…”

Section: Rotavirus-infected Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Infective Activities of Lactobacillus Strains in the Human Intestinal Microbiota: from Probiotics to Gastrointestinal Anti-Infectious Biotherapeutic Agents

2014

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SUMMARY A vast and diverse array of microbial species displaying great phylogenic, genomic, and metabolic diversity have colonized the gastrointestinal tract. Resident microbes play a beneficial role by regulating the intestinal immune system, stimulating the maturation of host tissues, and playing a variety of roles in nutrition and in host resistance to gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens. The mechanisms by which the resident microbial species combat gastrointestinal pathogens are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions and the production of antimicrobial molecules. The human intestinal microbiota is a source from which Lactobacillus probiotic strains have often been isolated. Only six probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from human intestinal microbiota, i.e., L. rhamnosus GG, L. casei Shirota YIT9029, L. casei DN-114 001, L. johnsonii NCC 533, L. acidophilus LB, and L. reuteri DSM 17938, have been well characterized with regard to their potential antimicrobial effects against the major gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens and rotavirus. In this review, we describe the current knowledge concerning the experimental antibacterial activities, including antibiotic-like and cell-regulating activities, and therapeutic effects demonstrated in well-conducted, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials of these probiotic Lactobacillus strains. What is known about the antimicrobial activities supported by the molecules secreted by such probiotic Lactobacillus strains suggests that they constitute a promising new source for the development of innovative anti-infectious agents that act luminally and intracellularly in the gastrointestinal tract.

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Diet during Rotavirus Enteritis Affects Jejunal Permeability to Macromolecules in Suckling Rats

Cited by 77 publications

References 25 publications

Rotavirus Infection Increases Intestinal Motility but Not Permeability at the Onset of Diarrhea

Rotavirus Infection Increases Intestinal Motility but Not Permeability at the Onset of Diarrhea

Protective potential of L. acidophilus in murine giardiasis

Anti-Infective Activities of Lactobacillus Strains in the Human Intestinal Microbiota: from Probiotics to Gastrointestinal Anti-Infectious Biotherapeutic Agents

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