Diet Calcium and pH Versus Mineral Balance in Holstein Cows 84 Days Pre- to 2 Days Postpartum

Verdaris, John N.; Evans, J. L.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(76)84355-x

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Greater Ca urinary excretion and lower pH in the groups supplemented with anionic salts demonstrated that there is a significant effect of these salts on the kidney. Block (1984) hypothesized that at least part of (Verdaris and Evans, 1976;Horst, 1986;Fredeen et al, 1988;Horst et al, 1994). The animals of SA and GA in this study did not have significantly greater VITD concentrations, despite the level observed for group GA on d 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Liesegang

2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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Influence of anionic salts on bone metabolism in periparturient dairy goats and sheep Blood and urine samples were collected daily until parturition. Serum Ca, P, Mg, serum crosslaps (CTX), osteocalcin, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (VITD), urinary pH, and urinary Ca concentrations were analyzed. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured with peripheral quantitative computer tomography. The bone resorption marker CTX showed significant differences between the animals supplemented with anionic salts and the control animals in goats, but not in sheep. The goats receiving anionic salts had greater CTX concentrations throughout the administration of the salts. In sheep, a difference was only observed on the day of parturition. Similar observations were made in VITD concentrations, although a significant difference between the goat groups was only observed 3 d prepartum. The bone formation marker osteocalcin was lower prepartum in the animals supplemented with anionic salts. The urinary pH was lower in the SA and GA animals, whereas urinary Ca concentrations were greater. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density decreased in all groups around parturition. In conclusion, this experiment showed that the addition of anionic salts in goats led to greater bone resorption rates while on this feeding regimen. It can be concluded that the anionic salts induced a mild metabolic acidosis with all its effects on calcium metabolism. These effects were not evident in milk sheep. ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of diets supplemented with anionic salts on bone metabolism of dairy goats and sheep. Twelve Saanen goats and 12 Ostfrisean milk sheep (fourth lactation) were divided into 2 groups each [sheep control (SC), goat control (GC); sheep anionic salts (SA), goat anionic salts (GA)]. Each group was fed a different diet in the last 10 d of gestation. Groups SC and GC received a normal diet according to the requirements of goats and sheep in this stage of gestation. Groups SA and GA received supplemental anionic salts. The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) was +524 (SC) and +515 (GC) vs. −163 (SA) and −164 (GA) mEq/kg of dry matter. Blood and urine samples were collected daily until parturition. Serum Ca, P, Mg, serum crosslaps (CTX), osteocalcin, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (VITD), urinary pH, and urinary Ca concentrations were analyzed. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content were measured with peripheral quantitative computer tomography. The bone resorption marker CTX showed significant differences between the animals supplemented with anionic salts and the control animals in goats, but not in sheep. The goats receiving anionic salts had greater CTX concentrations throughout the administration of the salts. In sheep, a difference was only observed on the day of parturition. Similar observations were made in VITD concentrations, although a significant difference between the goat groups was only observed 3 d prepartum. The bone formation marker osteocalcin was low...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Liesegang

2008

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Higher concentration of plasma Mg were observed when cows were fed a prepartum diet low in Ca compared to a prepartum diet high in Ca (Verdaris and Evans 1975). It is now evident that prepartum diets low in Ca enhance bone resorption during the periparturient period to maintain plasma Ca concentration (Green et al 1981; Kichura et al 1982).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Reducing Dietary Cation-Anion Balance for Prepartum Dairy Cows With Specific Reference to Hypocalcemic Parturient Paresis

Leclerc¹,

Block²

1989

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Lrclnnc, H. eNo Blocr, E. 1989 and 3 compared to cows fed the control diet and apparent absorption of Mg was reduced in cows fed diets | ,2 and 3 compared to cows fed the control diet from day 7 prepartum until day 1 postpartum. Apparent absorption ofphosphorus was not influenced by treatment at either time. Plasma levels of hydroxyproline were higher in cows fed diets 2 and 3 than in those fed diet 1 and the control diet from day 2 prepartum to day I postpartum. Results showed that reducing the level of dietary cation-anion balance influenced the concentration ofplasma calcium, its apparent absorption and its resorption from bone. These effects were most accentuated during the periparturient period and may be beneficial in the prevention of milk fever. For personal use only.

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“…The mechanism by which the acidotic stage affects calcium metabolism and homeostasis is not fully understood, but it is suggested that the effect is mediated via an enhancement of the stimulatory effects of PTH [52]. Increased plasma hydroxyproline concentration suggests that bone resorption may be involved [67], and some studies reported an increase in the apparent calcium absorption from the digestive tract [113,69], while others found no changes [106], or even a decrease [67]. The extensive urinary calcium excretion seen in cows fed anionic salts, may stimulate the vitamin D-related calcium homeostatic mechanisms, and in this way help prevent parturient paresis [111].…”

Section: Acidifying Rations (Dietary Cation-anion Difference Dcad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review

Thilsing-Hansen¹,

Jørgensen²,

Østergaard³

2002

Acta Vet Scand

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Thilsing-Hansen T, Jørgensen RJ, Østergaard S: Milk fever control principles: A review. Acta vet. scand. 2002, 43, 1-19. -Three main preventive principles against milk fever were evaluated in this literature review, and the efficacy of each principle was estimated from the results of controlled investigations. Oral calcium drenching around calving apparently has a mean efficacy of 50%-60% in terms of milk fever prevention as well as prevention of milk fever relapse after intravenous treatment with calcium solutions. However, some drenches have been shown to cause lesions in the forestomacs. When using the DCAD (dietary cation-anion difference) principle, feeding rations with a negative DCAD (measured as (Na + K) -(Cl + S)) significantly reduce the milk fever incidence. Calculating the relative risk (RR) of developing milk fever from controlled experiments results in a mean RR between 0.19 and 0.35 when rations with a negative versus positive DCAD are compared. The main drawback from the DCAD principle is a palatability problem. The principle of feeding rations low in calcium is highly efficient in milk fever prevention provided the calcium intake in the dry period is kept below 20 g per day. Calculating the relative risk (RR) of developing milk fever from controlled experiments results in a very low mean RR (between 0 and 0.20) (daily calcium intake below versus above 20 g/d). The main problem in implementing the low-Ca principle is difficulties in formulating rations sufficiently low in calcium when using commonly available feeds. The use of large doses of vitamin D metabolites and analogues for milk fever prevention is controversial. Due to toxicity problems and an almost total lack of recent studies on the subject this principle is not described in detail. A few management related issues were discussed briefly, and the following conclusions were made: It is important to supply the periparturient cow with sufficient magnesium to fulfil its needs, and to prevent the dry cows from being too fat. Available information on the influence of carbohydrate intake, and on the effect of the length of the dry period and prepartum milking, is at present insufficient to include these factors in control programmes. dairy cows; parturient hypocalcaemia; milk fever prevention.

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Diet Calcium and pH Versus Mineral Balance in Holstein Cows 84 Days Pre- to 2 Days Postpartum

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Influence of Anionic Salts on Bone Metabolism in Periparturient Dairy Goats and Sheep

Effects of Reducing Dietary Cation-Anion Balance for Prepartum Dairy Cows With Specific Reference to Hypocalcemic Parturient Paresis

Milk Fever Control Principles: A Review

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