Diet, Body Size, and Plasma Lipids-Lipoproteins in Young Adults: Differences by Race and Sex

Horn, Linda Van; Ballew, Carol; Liu, Kiang; McDonald, Arline; Hilner, Joan E.; Burke, Gregory L.; Savage, Peter J.; Bragg, Charlotte; Caan, Bette J.; Jacobs, David R.; Slattery, Martha L.; Sidney, Steven

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115807

Cited by 65 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…In a CARDIA study, Caucasian women with secondary or lower education had a significantly higher total body fat and BMI compared to white women with higher educational levels. Differences by educational level were less pronounced among men (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Several anthropometric predictors of cardiovascular disease in central Slovakian adults: socioeconomic and educational differences

Hujova

Rostakova²

2012

BLL

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Background: Slovak inhabitants are considered at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the social and educational differences in relation to anthropometric CVD risk factors among central Slovakian adults. Participants: The study population consisted of 100 probands from the central Slovakian region of Orava (50 males and 50 females). According to their social background they were classifi ed as those with high (15 %), average (71 %) or low socioeconomic status (14 %). According to their education they were classifi ed as those having completed only primary education (15 %) secondary education graduates (69 %) or university graduates (16 %). Methods: Anthropometric measurements, including weight, height, waist and hip circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfold were used to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and percentage body fat. Measured blood pressure (BP) was used to classify for hypertension. Results: The probands with high socioeconomic status show the highest means of body fat percentage (24.53 ± 3.11 %) and blood pressure (with 53 % prevalence of hypertension and 60 % of stress); the population with low socioeconomic status had the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking (57.1 %), physical inactivity (64.3 %) and CVD family history (78.6 %). The highest means of BMI (25.48 ± 3.26 kg/m 2 ) were determined in participants with university education (they also show the highest stress rate at 46.7 %). The population with primary education show the highest means of WHR (0.89 ± 0.13) and sBP (138.44 ± 19.64 mmHg), and the highest prevalence of hypertension (56.3 %), physical inactivity (62.5 %) and CVD family history (81.3 %).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Several anthropometric predictors of cardiovascular disease in central Slovakian adults: socioeconomic and educational differences

Hujova

Rostakova²

2012

BLL

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“…High school graduates (i.e. 12 or more years of education) had a higher P:S ratio than those with less education [57]. Two studies from Scotland have also looked at social class differences in the intake of polyunsaturated and saturated fat.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Status Dietary Fat and Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fat and asthma: is there a connection?

Black¹,

Sharpe²

1997

Eur Respir J

443

359

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The last two decades have seen an increase in the prevalence of asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis in developed countries. This increase has been paralleled by a fall in the consumption of saturated fat and an increase in the amount of polyunsaturated fat in the diet. This is due to a reduction in the consumption of animal fat and an increase in the use of margarine and vegetable oils containing ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as linoleic acid. There is also evidence for a decrease in the consumption of oily fish which contain ω-3 PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid.In a number of countries, there are social class and regional differences in the prevalence of allergic disease, which are associated with differences in the consumption of PUFAs. Linoleic acid is a precursor of arachidonic acid, which can be converted to prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits the formation of PGE 2 . PGE 2 acts on T-lymphocytes to reduce the formation of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) without affecting the formation of interleukin-4 (IL-4). This may lead to the development of allergic sensitization, since IL-4 promotes the synthesis of immunoglobulin E (IgE), whereas IFN-γ has the opposite effect.Changes in the diet may explain the increase in the prevalence of asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis. The effects of diet may be mediated through an increase in the synthesis of prostaglandin E 2 which in turn can promote the formation of immunoglobulin E.

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“…O consumo de fibras, embora abaixo das necessidades diárias, foi superior àquele encontrado em outros estudos (Kushi et al, 1988;van Horn et al, 1991). Entretanto, a ingestão de fibras em Bambuí não se associou à renda, como observado no estudo de Thompson et al (1992).…”

Section: Variáveis Dietéticasunclassified

“…O perfil alimentar da população está fortemente associado a aspectos culturais, nutricionais, sócio-econômicos e demográficos, tornando necessário um melhor entendimento destes aspectos e seus mecanismos no entendimento das mudanças de comportamento alimentar e suas conseqüências (Kushi et al, 1988;Martins et al, 1994;Monteiro et al, 2000;Shimakawa et al, 1994;Thompson et al, 1992;van Horn et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Consumo alimentar da população adulta segundo perfil sócio-econômico e demográfico: Projeto Bambuí

et al. 2003

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Diet, Body Size, and Plasma Lipids-Lipoproteins in Young Adults: Differences by Race and Sex

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Several anthropometric predictors of cardiovascular disease in central Slovakian adults: socioeconomic and educational differences

Several anthropometric predictors of cardiovascular disease in central Slovakian adults: socioeconomic and educational differences

Dietary fat and asthma: is there a connection?

Consumo alimentar da população adulta segundo perfil sócio-econômico e demográfico: Projeto Bambuí

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