Diet, behavior and immunity across the lifespan

Hale, Matthew W.; Spencer, Sarah J.; Conti, Bruno; Jasoni, Christine L.; Kent, Stephen; Radler, Morgan E.; Reyes, Teresa M.; Sominsky, Luba

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.009

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 306 publications

(398 reference statements)

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“…Tame and aggressive foxes are maintained under the same farm conditions; thus, it is more likely that differences in genomic regions containing immune genes are directly or indirectly associated with selection for behavior. The link between behavior and immunity has been demonstrated in a large body of literature (reviewed in References ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic transcriptome of tame and aggressive silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) identifies gene expression differences shared across brain regions

Rosenfeld

Hekman

Johnson

et al. 2019

Genes Brain and Behavior

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The underlying neurological events accompanying dog domestication remain elusive. To reconstruct the domestication process in an experimental setting, silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been deliberately bred for tame vs aggressive behaviors for more than 50 generations at the Institute for Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The hypothalamus is an essential part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and regulates the fight-or-flight response, and thus, we hypothesized that selective breeding for tameness/aggressiveness has shaped the hypothalamic transcriptomic profile. RNA-seq analysis identified 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Seven of these genes, DKKL1, FBLN7, NPL, PRIMPOL, PTGRN, SHCBP1L and SKIV2L, showed the same direction expression differences in the hypothalamus, basal forebrain and prefrontal cortex. The genes differentially expressed across the three tissues are involved in cell division, differentiation, adhesion and carbohydrate processing, suggesting an association of

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic transcriptome of tame and aggressive silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) identifies gene expression differences shared across brain regions

Rosenfeld

Hekman

Johnson

et al. 2019

Genes Brain and Behavior

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“…For example, maternal overnutrition and/or obesity during pregnancy can have long-term effects on metabolic and cardiovascular traits in adult offspring [ 1 , 4 ]. Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet and/or obesity also affect offspring mental health in humans as well as behaviour in animal models [ 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 ], including voluntary locomotor activity [ 8 , 9 ]. Similarly, early postnatal nutrition influences voluntary physical activity in adulthood [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet has sex-specific effects on fetal glucocorticoids with little consequence for offspring metabolism and voluntary locomotor activity in mice

et al. 2017

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Maternal overnutrition and obesity during pregnancy can have long-term effects on offspring physiology and behaviour. These developmental programming effects may be mediated by fetal exposure to glucocorticoids, which is regulated in part by placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) type 1 and 2. We tested whether a maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet would alter expression of placental 11β-HSD1 and 2, thereby increasing fetal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids, with downstream effects on offspring physiology and behaviour. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet or a nutrient-matched low-fat, no-sucrose control diet prior to and during pregnancy and lactation. At day 17 of gestation, HFHS dams had ~20% lower circulating corticosterone levels than controls. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between maternal diet and fetal sex for circulating corticosterone levels in the fetuses, whereby HFHS males tended to have higher corticosterone than control males, with no effect in female fetuses. However, placental 11β-HSD1 or 11β-HSD2 expression did not differ between diets or show an interaction between diet and sex. To assess potential long-term consequences of this sex-specific effect on fetal corticosterone, we studied locomotor activity and metabolic traits in adult offspring. Despite a sex-specific effect of maternal diet on fetal glucocorticoids, there was little evidence of sex-specific effects on offspring physiology or behaviour, although HFHS offspring of both sexes had higher circulating corticosterone at 9 weeks of age. Our results suggest the existence of as yet unknown mechanisms that mitigate the effects of altered glucocorticoid exposure early in development, making offspring resilient to the potentially negative effects of a HFHS maternal diet.

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“…One of the mechanisms to explain how maternal obesity can induce an increased likelihood of offspring obesity is altered prenatal development of the hypothalamus (Hale et al, 2014;Sanders et al, 2016). Studies have shown that the neuroendocrine networks that regulate energy homeostasis develop differently when a fetus develops in an obese maternal environment (Sanders et al, 2016;Chang et al, 2008;Gupta et al, 2009;Grayson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity leads to increased proliferation and numbers of astrocytes in the developing fetal and neonatal mouse hypothalamus

Kim

Glendining

Grattan

et al. 2016

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with chronic maternal, placental, and fetal inflammation; and it elevates the risk for offspring obesity. Changes in the development of the hypothalamus, a brain region that regulates body weight and energy balance, are emerging as important determinants of offspring risk, but such changes are only beginning to be defined. Here we focused on the hypothesis that the pathological exposure of developing hypothalamic astrocytes to cytokines would alter their development. A maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) mouse model was used to investigate changes in hypothalamic astrocytes in the fetus during late gestation and in early neonates by using immunochemistry, confocal microscopy, and qPCR. The number of astrocytes and the proportion of proliferating astrocytes was significantly higher in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus at both ages compared to control offspring from normal weight pregnancies. Supplemental to this we found that cultured fetal hypothalamic astrocytes proliferated significantly in response to IL6 (10ng/ml), one of the cytokines significantly elevated in fetuses of obese dams, via the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, maternal obesity during pregnancy stimulated the proliferation and thereby increased numbers of astrocytes in the fetal as well as early neonatal hypothalamus, which may be driven, during fetal life, by IL6.

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Diet, behavior and immunity across the lifespan

Cited by 29 publications

References 306 publications

Hypothalamic transcriptome of tame and aggressive silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) identifies gene expression differences shared across brain regions

Hypothalamic transcriptome of tame and aggressive silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) identifies gene expression differences shared across brain regions

A maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet has sex-specific effects on fetal glucocorticoids with little consequence for offspring metabolism and voluntary locomotor activity in mice

Maternal obesity leads to increased proliferation and numbers of astrocytes in the developing fetal and neonatal mouse hypothalamus

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