Diet and Physical Activity in Rural vs Urban Children and Adolescents in the United States: A Narrative Review

McCormack, Lacey; Meendering, Jessica R.

doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.10.024

Cited by 72 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The majority of studies included in a recent narrative review tended to focus on MVPA or the meeting of PA guideline recommendations [21]; light PA and sedentary behaviour were explored far less despite the findings that light activity has been shown to be favourably associated with children's cardiometabolic biomarkers (e.g. blood pressure, insulin resistance, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) [57], and has an important impact on total daily energy expenditure [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between living in urban and rural areas of Scotland and children’s physical activity and sedentary levels: a country-wide cross-sectional analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Living in urban or rural environments may influence children's levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviours. We know little about variations in device-measured physical activity and sedentary levels of urban and rural children using nationally representative samples, or if these differences are moderated by socioeconomic factors or seasonal variation. Moreover, little is known about the influence of 'walkability' in the UK context. A greater understanding of these can better inform intervention strategies or policy initiatives at the population level. Methods: Country-wide cross-sectional study in Scotland in which 774 children (427 girls, 357 boys), aged 10/11 years, wore an accelerometer on one occasion for at least four weekdays and one weekend day. Mean total physical activity, time spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), per day were extracted for weekdays, weekend days, and all days combined. Regression analyses explored associations between physical activity outcomes, urban/rural residence, and a modified walkability index (dwelling density and intersection density); with interactions fitted for household equivalised income and season of data collection. Sensitivity analyses assessed variation in findings by socioeconomic factors and urbanicity. Results: Rural children spent an average of 14 min less sedentary (95% CI of difference: 2.23, 26.32) and 13 min more in light intensity activity (95% CI of difference, 2.81, 24.09) per day than those from urban settlements. No urban-rural differences were found for time spent in MVPA or in total levels of activity. Our walkability index was not associated with any outcome measure. We found no interactions with household equivalised income, but there were urban/rural differences in seasonal variation; urban children engaged in higher levels of MVPA in the spring months (difference: 10 mins, p = 0.06, n.s) and significantly lower levels in winter (difference: 8.7 mins, p = 0.036). Conclusions: Extrapolated across one-year, rural children would accumulate approximately 79 h (or just over 3 days) less sedentary time than urban children, replacing this for light intensity activity. With both outcomes having known implications for health, this finding is particularly important. Future work should prioritise exploring the patterns and context in which these differences occur to allow for more targeted intervention/policy strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the available international literature is equivocal over both magnitude and direction of any effect. Some papers suggest little or no differences [18,21], whilst others have indicated that urban [11,22] or rural children are more active [23,24]. Mixed results are also evident when assessing sedentary behaviour [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between living in urban and rural areas of Scotland and children’s physical activity and sedentary levels: a country-wide cross-sectional analysis

et al. 2020

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“…The classification of rural and urban residency has varied among studies, thus allowing for further discrepancy in results . Finally, one suggestion for rural/urban differences may be education‐level discrepancies . Lack of observed differences in our study may, therefore, have been partially attributed to the fact that our study sample was highly educated with almost three‐fourths having attended college or graduate/professional school (Table ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…While some studies have found that rural adults report more sedentary behaviors, less leisure-time physical activity, and poorer dietary habits than urban participants, 7 available diet and physical activity data are equivocal. 12 This may be due to the different methods used to evaluate diet and physical activity in different studies. Additionally, many studies do not include physical activity related to work or transportation, which may represent an area in which rural and urban residents may differ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Loss Success of Participants Residing in Rural and Urban Areas

Mench

West

Krukowski

et al. 2017

The Journal of Rural Health

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Purpose Rural residents are significantly more likely to be overweight and obese than are urban residents. However, few data have compared weight control program responses in these population groups. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the weight loss outcomes of participants in a multi-site, on-line behavioral intervention by residential location (rural vs. urban) and, secondly, assess any possible differences in adherence to treatment goals. Methods 492 adult participants (Mean BMI = 35.7 kg/m2; 90 % Female; 24% Minority) were categorized based on their home zip code and the 2010 US Census Urban and Rural Classification criteria (58.3% Rural; 41.7% Urban). Weight (kg) was measured in-person at baseline and 6 months after participating in a behavioral weight control intervention. Adherence to physical activity and calorie and fat intake goals was assessed based on weekly self-monitoring journals. Weekly online chat attendance and completion of weekly online self-monitoring journals were recorded. Presence of obesogenic foods in the home was self-reported at baseline and 6 months. Findings There were no statistically significant differences in weight loss between rural and urban participants (−6.1 kg vs. −5.3 kg, P = .16), nor were there differences in chat attendance, self-monitoring journals, self-reported physical activity, calorie intake or obesogenic foods reported in the household. Conclusions Overall, there was no difference in weight loss and adherence to treatment goals for rural and urban participants. Further research on rural and urban residents is necessary to explore the factors responsible for the disparity in obesity prevalence.

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“…Ì ìóae è Ì aeåí -mean values of traits in men and women, left axis; ÊÏÄ -coefficient of sexual dimorphism (ID), right axis. [Tambalis, Panagiotakos, Sidossis, 2011;Befort, Nazir, Perri, 2012;McCormack, Meendering, 2016]. Îäíàêî íåêîòîðûå àâòîðû ïîä÷åðêèâàþò, ÷òî ïðè ïîâûøåííîì aeèðîîòëîaeåíèè ñåëüñêèå äåòè îêàçûâàþòñÿ áîëåå òðåíèðîâàííûìè è ôèçè÷åñêè êðåïêèìè, ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ãîðîäñêèìè ñâåðñòíèêàìè [Befort, Nazir, Perri, 2012].…”

Section: обсуждение результатовunclassified

Variation in the morphological traits under the influence of the urban environment in men and women

Zimina¹,

Гончарова²,

Negasheva³

2019

MUAB

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Diet and Physical Activity in Rural vs Urban Children and Adolescents in the United States: A Narrative Review

Cited by 72 publications

References 24 publications

The relationship between living in urban and rural areas of Scotland and children’s physical activity and sedentary levels: a country-wide cross-sectional analysis

The relationship between living in urban and rural areas of Scotland and children’s physical activity and sedentary levels: a country-wide cross-sectional analysis

Weight Loss Success of Participants Residing in Rural and Urban Areas

Variation in the morphological traits under the influence of the urban environment in men and women

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