Diet and other risk factors for cancer of the pancreas

Gold, Ellen B.; Gordis, Leon; Diener, Marie D.; Seltser, Raymond; Boitnott, John K.; Bynum, T. E.; Hutcheon, David F.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19850115)55:2<460::aid-cncr2820550229>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 224 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A protective effect for allergic conditions including asthma has been reported in some studies of pancreatic cancer (Mack et al, 1986;Mills et al, 1988;Jain et al, 1991;Bueno de Mesquita et al, 1992;Kalapothaki et al, 1993;Dai et al, 1995), but our results are consistent with three studies that showed little effect (Gold et al, 1985;Farrow and Davis, 1990;La Vecchia et al, 1990). Since most case-control studies of pancreatic cancer have been based primarily on interviews with next of kin, the reliability of detailed information on allergic disorders may be questionable (Gavalda et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Diabetes mellitus, other medical conditions and familial history of cancer as risk factors for pancreatic cancer

et al. 1999

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In a population-based case-control study of pancreatic cancer conducted in three areas of the USA, 484 cases and 2099 controls were interviewed to evaluate the aetiologic role of several medical conditions/interventions, including diabetes mellitus, cholecystectomy, ulcer/gastrectomy and allergic states. We also evaluated risk associated with family history of cancer. Our findings support previous studies indicating that diabetes is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, as well as a possible complication of the tumour. A significant positive trend in risk with increasing years prior to diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was apparent ( P -value for test of trend = 0.016), with diabetics diagnosed at least 10 years prior to diagnosis having a significant 50% increased risk. Those treated with insulin had risks similar to those not treated with insulin (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6 and 1.5 respectively), and no trend in risk was associated with increasing duration of insulin treatment. Cholecystectomy also appeared to be a risk factor, as well as a consequence of the malignancy. Subjects with a cholecystectomy at least 20 years prior to the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer experienced a 70% increased risk, which was marginally significant. In contrast, subjects with a history of duodenal or gastric ulcer had little or no elevated risk (OR = 1.2; confidence interval = 0.9–1.6). Those treated by gastrectomy had the same risk as those not receiving surgery, providing little support for the hypothesis that gastrectomy is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. A significant 40% reduced risk was associated with hay fever, a non-significant 50% decreased risk with allergies to animals, and a non-significant 40% reduced risk with allergies to dust/moulds. These associations, however, may be due to chance since no risk reductions were apparent for asthma or several other types of allergies. In addition, we observed significantly increased risks for subjects reporting a first-degree relative with cancers of the pancreas (OR = 3.2), colon (OR = 1.7) or ovary (OR = 5.3) and non-significantly increased risks for cancers of the endometrium (OR = 1.5) or breast (OR = 1.3). The pattern is consistent with the familial predisposition reported for pancreatic cancer and with the array of tumours associated with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Diabetes mellitus, other medical conditions and familial history of cancer as risk factors for pancreatic cancer

et al. 1999

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“…The Multiethnic Cohort Study, which has a substantial number of pancreatic cancer cases (n = 482), reported significant 45% and 68% increased risks in the highest compared with the lowest intake of red and processed meat, respectively (26). Meat-cooking methods and pancreatic cancer risk has been evaluated in one cohort study that reported no associations (30) and eight case-control studies (2,3,8,9,12,13,19,22), five of which showed greater pancreatic cancer risk for fried or grilled/barbecued meats, with odds ratios ranging from 2.2 to 16.7 (3,8,9,12,22). Two recent pancreatic cancer case-control studies have employed a meat-cooking module and mutagen database similar to that used in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between meat intake and pancreatic cancer has been examined in both case control and cohort (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) studies with positive (2-7, 9-12, 22-27), inverse (13)(14)(15)28), and null (4, 5, 8, 14-21, 29, 32) associations reported for both study designs. The inconsistent results among case-control studies may partly be due to retrospective ascertainment of diet, which, given the rapid fatality of pancreatic cancer, may be fraught with biases, such as recall and proxy, and reverse causation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat and Meat-Mutagen Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the NIH-AARP Cohort

Stolzenberg‐Solomon¹,

Cross²,

Silverman³

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

107

128

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Meat intake, particularly red meat, has been positively associated with pancreatic cancer in some epidemiologic studies. Detailed meat-cooking methods and related mutagens formed in meat cooked at high temperatures have not been evaluated prospectively as risk factors for this malignancy. We investigated the association between meat, meat-cooking methods, meat-mutagen intake, and exocrine pancreatic cancer in the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health Study cohort of 537,302 individuals, aged 50 to 71 years, with complete baseline dietary data (1995)(1996) ascertained from a food frequency questionnaire. A meat-cooking module was completed by 332,913 individuals 6 months after baseline. During 5 years of follow-up, 836 incident pancreatic cancer cases (555 men, 281 women) were identified. Four hundred and fifty-nine cases had complete meat module data. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Total, red, and high-temperature cooked meat intake was positively associated with pancreatic cancer among men (fifth versus first quintile: HR, 1.41, 95% CI, 1.08-1.83, P trend = 0.001; HR, 1.42, 95% CI, 1.05-1.91, P trend = 0.01; and HR, 1.52, 95% CI, 1.12-2.06, P trend = 0.005, respectively), but not women. Men showed significant 50% increased risks for the highest tertile of grilled/barbecued and broiled meat and significant doubling of risk for the highest quintile of overall meat-mutagenic activity (P trends < 0.01). The fifth quintile of the heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline intake showed a significant 29% (P trend = 0.006) increased risk in men and women combined. These findings support the hypothesis that meat intake, particularly meat cooked at high temperatures and associated mutagens, may play a role in pancreatic cancer development. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2664 -75)

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“…27,46-48 Further investigations are necessary to identify any causal relationship between the pathogenesis of diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Also, some case-control studies [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] and cohort studies [58][59][60][61][62] have found an association between the duration of diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Everhart and Wright 27 reported in their metaanalysis of 6 case-control and 5 cohort studies that diabetes of at least 5 years resulted in an RR of 2.0 (95% CI 5 1.2-3.2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking, elevated fasting serum glucose, and risk of pancreatic cancer in Korean men

Yun

Park

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal human cancers and continues to be a major unsolved health problem. The goal of this study was to estimate the independent effects and interactions between cigarette smoking and diabetes on the risk of pancreatic cancer in Korean male population. Cigarette smoking and the risk of incidence and death from pancreatic cancer were examined in a 10-year prospective cohort study of 446,407 Korean men aged 40 to 65 years who received health insurance from the National Health Insurance Corporation and who had a medical evaluation in 1992. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model after adjusting for age, body mass index, exercise and alcohol use. Current smoking was associated with an increased risk of incidence (RR 5 1.7, 95% CI 5 1.6-1.9) and mortality (RR 5 1.6, 95% CI 5 1.4-1.7) from pancreatic cancer. The RR for pancreatic cancer increased with both duration and amount of smoking. Diabetes was also associated with an increased risk of both incidence (RR 5 1.8, 95% CI 5 1.5-2.2) and mortality (RR 5 1.7, 95% CI 5 1.4-2.1) from pancreatic cancer. There was no interaction between smoking and fasting serum glucose in terms of pancreatic cancer risk. Thus, our prospective study has demonstrated that cigarette smoking and elevated fasting serum glucose are independently associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in a large cohort of Korean males. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: pancreatic cancer; smoking; fasting serum glucose; diabetes; cohort study Pancreatic cancer remains a major unsolved health problem at the start of the 21st century. Although cancer of the pancreas accounts for only 3% of all cancers worldwide, 1 its poor prognosis makes it the eighth major form of cancer-related death worldwide, causing more than 220,000 deaths annually. 2 Because of the poor prognosis and the minimal impact of conventional treatment methods, 3 it is important to focus on prevention of this disease. In many previous studies, risk factors associated with pancreatic cancer have been explored. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer are thought to include obesity, 4-7 nutritional factors, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] alcohol drinking, 17-23 genetic factors 24,25 and a family history 3 of pancreatic cancer. However, the major risk factors that have been consistently reported are age, diabetes 26-29 and cigarette smoking. 30 Epidemiological studies from European countries and the United States have consistently shown that cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, but the dose-response relationship has not been clear due to inconsistent findings among these studies. [18][19][20][21][22][23][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] In addition, recent observational studies have provided consistent evidence for an association of diabetes with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. [27][28][29] To date, however, very few studies have analyzed the potential interaction between s...

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Diet and other risk factors for cancer of the pancreas

Cited by 224 publications

References 26 publications

Diabetes mellitus, other medical conditions and familial history of cancer as risk factors for pancreatic cancer

Diabetes mellitus, other medical conditions and familial history of cancer as risk factors for pancreatic cancer

Meat and Meat-Mutagen Intake and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the NIH-AARP Cohort

Cigarette smoking, elevated fasting serum glucose, and risk of pancreatic cancer in Korean men

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