Diet and Neurocognition: Review of Evidence and Methodological Considerations

Smith, Patrick J.; Blumenthal, James A.

doi:10.2174/1874612811003010057

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…These studies often focus on specific dietary elements and the role of fatty acids has received particularly close attention. For example, greater fish consumption and overall polyunsaturated fat intake has been associated with both improvements in cognition and reduced Alzheimer’s disease risk; conversely, high saturated and trans‐unsaturated fats are associated with worse cognition, greater decline and increased Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia risk [138].…”

Section: Lifestyle Modification: Strategies For Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance and pathological brain ageing

Cholerton¹,

Baker²,

Craft³

2011

Diabetic Medicine

143

112

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Sir Harold Himsworth's prescient observations 75 years ago have recently been expanded to include a clear relationship between insulin resistance and central nervous system function. Insulin is a master regulator of corporeal ageing in all known species, determining the rate and expression of ageing in multiple body systems. Thus, it is not surprising that insulin also plays an important role in brain ageing and cognitive decline that is associated with pathological brain ageing. Brain ageing is accompanied by reduced insulin effectiveness, either by an inadequate cellular response to insulin or by insulin deficiency attributable to reduced insulin transport across the blood-brain barrier. Age-associated brain insulin abnormalities may contribute to cognitive decline in ageing, as have been documented in older adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. With more extreme pathology, brain insulin resistance may be associated with neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and the condition which precedes Alzheimer's disease, known as amnestic mild cognitive impairment. In the following review, we discuss the mechanisms through which insulin resistance may induce or potentiate pathological brain ageing and thereby create a neurobiological environment that promotes neurodegeneration and associated cognitive decline. This topic is timely, given that insulin resistance-associated conditions such as diabetes and obesity have reached epidemic proportions. The prevalence of such chronic conditions, in combination with a rapidly ageing population, may result in a corresponding increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders. Fortunately, insulin resistance-associated conditions are amenable to both pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions that may reduce the deleterious impact of insulin resistance on the ageing brain.

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Section: Lifestyle Modification: Strategies For Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance and pathological brain ageing

Cholerton¹,

Baker²,

Craft³

2011

Diabetic Medicine

143

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Education level, physical activity, healthy dietary patterns (a diet which consists of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish), abstinence from smoking, along with engagement in mental, social, and physical activities are protective measures against MCI [6]. Moreover, moderate calorie restriction may lead to healthy aging, extended lifespan, and improve metabolic and vascular parameters [7,8]. In addition to these conventional approaches, new intervention strategies can be introduced to aid in combating MCI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of a Web-Based Health Education Tool, WESIHAT 2.0, among Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Vanoh

Shahar

Razali

et al. 2019

JAD

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Background: Intervention strategies, especially online based approaches, are considered to be beneficial in improving the health of the senior. The effectiveness of such approaches is yet to be determined. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the web-based application, WESIHAT 2.0©, for improving cognitive function, physical fitness, biochemical indices, and psychosocial variables among older adults in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The cost analysis of WESIHAT 2.0©was also determined. Method: The study utilized a two-arm randomized controlled trial with 25 subjects in each of the intervention and control groups. The participants chosen for the study included those who were 60 years and above with at least secondary education and had internet access using a computer at home. The intervention group was exposed to the website (30 minutes per day, 4 days per week) for six months, while the control group was given health education pamphlets. Activity-Based Costing method was used to determine the cost saved using WESIHAT 2.0©as compared to using the pamphlet. Results: Significant intervention effects were observed for self-perception of disability and informational support scores. WESIHAT 2.0©was able to save costs in improving the self-perception of disability score and the informational support score at MYR 6.92 and MYR 13.52, respectively, compared to the conventional method. Conclusion: WESIHAT 2.0©was able to save costs in improving the self-perceived disability and informational support scores for the intervention group.

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“…However, there have also been null findings, with recent systematic reviews reporting that evidence linking dietary patterns to ADRD outcomes remains inconclusive [113,151,152]. Importantly, although the MeDi and DASH were originally characterized for their beneficial impact on CVD risk factors and CVD outcomes, few studies have provided compelling evidence that the observed associations between dietary patterns and ADRD are mediated through vascular pathways, [148,153] with multiple, indirect mechanisms connecting dietary behaviors to cognitive outcomes [144,154].…”

Section: Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition

Smith

2019

BPL

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Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) represent an increasingly urgent public health concern, with an increasing number of baby boomers now at risk. Due to a lack of efficacious therapies among symptomatic older adults, an increasing emphasis has been placed on preventive measures that can curb or even prevent ADRD development among middle-aged adults. Lifestyle modification using aerobic exercise and dietary modification represents one of the primary treatment modalities used to mitigate ADRD risk, with an increasing number of trials demonstrating that exercise and dietary change, individually and together, improve neurocognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults. Despite several optimistic findings, examination of treatment changes across lifestyle interventions reveals a variable pattern of improvements, with large individual differences across trials. The present review attempts to synthesize available literature linking lifestyle modification to neurocognitive changes, outline putative mechanisms of treatment improvement, and discuss discrepant trial findings. In addition, previous mechanistic assumptions linking lifestyle to neurocognition are discussed, with a focus on potential solutions to improve our understanding of individual neurocognitive differences in response to lifestyle modification. Specific recommendations include integration of contemporary causal inference approaches for analyzing parallel mechanistic pathways and treatment-exposure interactions. Methodological recommendations include trial multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) design approaches that leverage individual differences for improved treatment outcomes.

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Diet and Neurocognition: Review of Evidence and Methodological Considerations

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Insulin resistance and pathological brain ageing

Insulin resistance and pathological brain ageing

The Effectiveness of a Web-Based Health Education Tool, WESIHAT 2.0, among Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition

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