Diet and Dietary Supplement Intervention Trials for the Prevention of Prostate Cancer Recurrence: A Review of the Randomized Controlled Trial Evidence

Abstract

A limited number of randomized controlled trials were identified in which diet and dietary supplement interventions appeared to slow disease progression in men with prostate cancer, although results vary. Studies were limited by reliance on the surrogate biomarker prostate specific antigen, sample size and study duration. Well designed trials are warranted to expand knowledge, replicate findings and further assess the impact of diet and dietary supplement interventions on recurrence and treatment associated morbidities.

Gender relations and couple negotiations of British men's food practice changes after prostate cancer

“…Diet has also been linked to prostate cancer progression and recurrence and clinical studies indicate that adopting a plant--based diet can reduce the rate of increase in prostate specific antigen (PSA) in men diagnosed with low--grade prostate cancer (Arab et al, 2013;Nguyen et al, 2006;Ornish et al, 2005;Van Patten, de Boer, & Tomlinson Guns, 2008). Because PSA can be used as a proxy marker of prostate cancer progression, these findings suggest that diet changes can potentially slow or stop prostate cancer growth and thus delay the need for treatments and decrease the substantial burden of treatment side--effects men with prostate cancer face (Berkow, Barnard, Saxe, & Ankerberg--Nobis, 2007).…”

Is there a benefit from lycopene supplementation in men with prostate cancer? A systematic review

“…A recent review included a mixed supplementation study and focused on RCTs only. 25 We incorporated information from studies examining only lycopene supplementation to identify more clearly its effect on prostate cancer. Moreover, we included all types of intervention studies rather than only RCTs.…”

“…We also did not include the term 'trials' or relevant synonyms in the search strategy in case some of the reports with these designs were not appropriately classified. Moreover, unlike the review by Van Petter et al, 25 we did not restrict the language of publication to English and we did not restrict the year of publication.…”

“…24 However, recommendations regarding the use of lycopene supplementation in prostate cancer patients require evidence from experimental studies, rather than from observational studies, and ideally from a systematic review/meta-analysis of the evidence from experimental studies. Recently, a review has been conducted to identify the effect of diet and dietary supplementation on prostate cancer progression, recurrence and survival, 25 in which lycopene supplementation was discussed along with other nutritional supplements and prostate cancer. Results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed no benefit in terms of PSA or PSA doubling time with lycopene supplementation alone or with lycopene combined with other agents including soy isoflavones.…”

Nutraceuticals and Nutraceutical Supplementation Criteria in Cancer: A Literature Survey

“…Around the globe federal and government efforts have accumulated on consensus for statutory policy to use nutraceuticals on their daily requirements, supplementation, combinations and dosage to prevent or manage the cancer [79][80][81][82][83]. Randomized and double blind control trials indicated the increased importance of vitamins, herbs and fresh vegetables as likely protective supplements [84][85][86][87][88][89][90], tomato (lycopene) in prostate cancer prevention [91][92][93], nutritional intervention in different cancers of different body organs in the body [94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. New concept of Mediterranean diet was introduced to reduce the risk of cancer along with cardioprotection [101][102][103][104].…”