Diet and carbohydrate digestion in the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle Psacothea hilaris

Scrivener, A.M.; Watanabe, Hirofumi; Noda, Hiroaki

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(97)00063-2

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Interestingly, the possible functions of some putative secreted proteins are closely related to the known roles of insect saliva, such as digestion and eliciting or suppression of plant defense. In the salivary gland transcriptome, we identified a secretory oligo-1,6-glucosidase which has been proved to be secreted in the guts of cockroaches and beetles and may play a part in carbohydrate digestion [55], [56]. In addition, we noticed a serine protease among the putative secreted proteins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Salivary Glands of an Invasive Whitefly

Yan

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundSome species of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex cause tremendous losses to crops worldwide through feeding directly and virus transmission indirectly. The primary salivary glands of whiteflies are critical for their feeding and virus transmission. However, partly due to their tiny size, research on whitefly salivary glands is limited and our knowledge on these glands is scarce.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe sequenced the transcriptome of the primary salivary glands of the Mediterranean species of B. tabaci complex using an effective cDNA amplification method in combination with short read sequencing (Illumina). In a single run, we obtained 13,615 unigenes. The quantity of the unigenes obtained from the salivary glands of the whitefly is at least four folds of the salivary gland genes from other plant-sucking insects. To reveal the functions of the primary glands, sequence similarity search and comparisons with the whole transcriptome of the whitefly were performed. The results demonstrated that the genes related to metabolism and transport were significantly enriched in the primary salivary glands. Furthermore, we found that a number of highly expressed genes in the salivary glands might be involved in secretory protein processing, secretion and virus transmission. To identify potential proteins of whitefly saliva, the translated unigenes were put into secretory protein prediction. Finally, 295 genes were predicted to encode secretory proteins and some of them might play important roles in whitefly feeding.Conclusions/Significance:The combined method of cDNA amplification, Illumina sequencing and de novo assembly is suitable for transcriptomic analysis of tiny organs in insects. Through analysis of the transcriptome, genomic features of the primary salivary glands were dissected and biologically important proteins, especially secreted proteins, were predicted. Our findings provide substantial sequence information for the primary salivary glands of whiteflies and will be the basis for future studies on whitefly-plant interactions and virus transmission.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Salivary Glands of an Invasive Whitefly

Yan

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…Of particular interest are enzymes capable of degrading cellulose and hemicellulose, which are the two most predominant polysaccharides found in hardwoods. Few insect enzymes involved in large-scale degradation of xylan (the dominant form of hemicellulose found in most deciduous trees) [34] have been expressed and biochemically characterized in vitro . Through in-gel zymograms infused with birch xylan and MADLI-TOF-based peptide sequencing, it was previously demonstrated that A. glabripennis was capable of producing at least one enzyme with hydrolytic activity directed at birch xylan, suggesting that the beetle has the endogenous capacity to degrade this hardwood polysaccharide [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midgut transcriptome profiling of Anoplophora glabripennis, a lignocellulose degrading cerambycid beetle

et al. 2013

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BackgroundWood-feeding insects often work in collaboration with microbial symbionts to degrade lignin biopolymers and release glucose and other fermentable sugars from recalcitrant plant cell wall carbohydrates, including cellulose and hemicellulose. Here, we present the midgut transcriptome of larval Anoplophora glabripennis, a wood-boring beetle with documented lignin-, cellulose-, and hemicellulose- degrading capabilities, which provides valuable insights into how this insect overcomes challenges associated with feeding in woody tissue.ResultsTranscripts from putative protein coding regions of over 9,000 insect-derived genes were identified in the A. glabripennis midgut transcriptome using a combination of 454 shotgun and Illumina paired-end reads. The most highly-expressed genes predicted to encode digestive-related enzymes were trypsins, carboxylesterases, β-glucosidases, and cytochrome P450s. Furthermore, 180 unigenes predicted to encode glycoside hydrolases (GHs) were identified and included several GH 5, 45, and 48 cellulases, GH 1 xylanases, and GH 1 β-glucosidases. In addition, transcripts predicted to encode enzymes involved in detoxification were detected, including a substantial number of unigenes classified as cytochrome P450s (CYP6B) and carboxylesterases, which are hypothesized to play pivotal roles in detoxifying host tree defensive chemicals and could make important contributions to A. glabripennis’ expansive host range. While a large diversity of insect-derived transcripts predicted to encode digestive and detoxification enzymes were detected, few transcripts predicted to encode enzymes required for lignin degradation or synthesis of essential nutrients were identified, suggesting that collaboration with microbial enzymes may be required for survival in woody tissue.ConclusionsA. glabripennis produces a number of enzymes with putative roles in cell wall digestion, detoxification, and nutrient extraction, which likely contribute to its ability to thrive in a broad range of host trees. This system is quite different from the previously characterized termite fermentation system and provides new opportunities to discover enzymes that could be exploited for cellulosic ethanol biofuel production or the development of novel methods to control wood-boring pests.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-850) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Although b-fructofuranosidase is less common in insect digestion than a-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.48) (Terra and Ferreira, 1994), studies report b-fructofuranosidase activity in the midgut of coleopterans (Chinnery, 1971;Scrivener et al, 1997). Furthermore, Scrivener and collaborators (1997) found that Psacothea hilaris aglucosidases do not act in sucrose digestion and that sucrase activity is from b-fructofuranosidase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%