Diesel soot mass calculation in real-time with a differential mobility spectrometer

Symonds, Jonathan P. R.; Reavell, K.; Olfert, Jason S.; Campbell, Bruce; Swift, Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2006.10.001

Cited by 133 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the simulation results obtained here do not sufficiently represent the experimental result, it is still within the soot mass range as reported by Symonds et. al (2007) [65]. Figure 6.…”

Section: Numerical Investigation Of Soot Mass Concentration In Comprecontrasting

confidence: 64%

Numerical investigation of soot mass concentration in compression ignition diesel engine

Ibrahim¹,

Mahmood²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2016

J. MECH. ENG. SCI.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soot particles, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulphur, and hydrocarbon are the emissions produced from diesel engine combustion. Those emissions species are undesirable since they give detrimental impacts to the atmosphere and human well-being. Several numerical investigations conducted by various researchers provide different soot mass concentration values. As an alternative, this study was carried out to investigate the soot mass level produced by a single cylinder diesel engine, using a commercial multidimensional computational fluid dynamic software. The result obtained from simulation effort was then validated by experimental testing during the same engine condition (engine speed of 1600 rpm at 40% load). Soot mass predicted by simulation gives a value of 3.43 × 10 -8 kg at end of simulation, while measured soot mass via experimental testing gives a value of 1.52 × 10 -8 kg. Both results differ by 56% thus indicating that the simple soot model applied was not sufficient to represent the actual soot mass emitted through exhaust manifold. This leads to the conclusion that more detailed soot model is needed to make the simulation results more meaningful and comparable to the experimental testing.

show abstract

Section: Numerical Investigation Of Soot Mass Concentration In Comprecontrasting

confidence: 64%

Numerical investigation of soot mass concentration in compression ignition diesel engine

Ibrahim¹,

Mahmood²,

Abdullah³

et al. 2016

J. MECH. ENG. SCI.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They found that the soot mass loading rate increases greatly during acceleration and increases slightly during deceleration, indicating that both acceleration and deceleration generate large soot mass emissions to the ambient air. Furthermore, Symonds et al (2007) also found that particle number in accumulation mode increases with acceleration and particle number in nucleation mode increases with deceleration. It has been known that a diesel engine emits high soot mass at high engine load (e.g., acceleration) and low soot mass at low engine load (e.g., driving mode or deceleration) whereas the volatile organic species (e.g., unburned fuel or lubricating oil) is lower at high engine load and much higher at low engine load (Park et al, 2003).…”

Section: Different Correlations Of Soot-ec With Oc In Fps and Ufpsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Symonds et al (2007) observed that the diesel soot loading rate changes with driving mode. They found that the soot mass loading rate increases greatly during acceleration and increases slightly during deceleration, indicating that both acceleration and deceleration generate large soot mass emissions to the ambient air.…”

Section: Different Correlations Of Soot-ec With Oc In Fps and Ufpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Atmospheric Elemental Carbon (Char and Soot) in Ultrafine and Fine Particles in a Roadside Environment, Japan

Kim

Sekiguchi

Kudo

et al. 2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atmospheric carbonaceous components, particularly char and soot in ultrafine particles (UFPs; Dp < 0.1 μm) and fine particles (FPs; Dp < 2.5 μm), were measured four times during one year in Saitama City, Japan, to observe the concentrations of elemental carbon (EC) and the relationship between the EC concentrations in UFPs and FPs, and to examine the possible emission sources of char and soot that constitute UFPs and FPs in a roadside environment. It was found that EC accounts for 33-37% of total carbon (TC) in FPs, whereas EC accounts for 12-20% of TC in UFPs. Both char-EC and soot-EC account for similar proportions of the total EC concentration in UFPs, while soot-EC accounts for only a small amount of the total EC in FPs. Positive and negative correlations between OC and soot-EC were observed for UFPs and FPs, respectively. The observed positive correlation in the case of UFPs possibly reflects the compactness (high density) of UFPs coated with condensed material, such as unburned fuel or lubricating oil emitted by motor vehicles, whereas the negative correlation in the case of FPs possibly indicates that whether or not the spaces between primary soot particles in FPs can be filled depends on the engine load of diesel vehicles operated near the sampling site. The positive and negative correlations were stronger for UFPs (r 2 = 0.69, n = 29, p < 0.001) and FPs (r 2 = -0.62, n = 29, p < 0.001) when the data collected at wind speeds greater than 2.5 m/s were excluded. The different morphological characteristics of the particles observed by transmission electron microscopy also support the observed correlations between OC and soot-EC. The possible emission of char or char-like particles from motor vehicles was shown and discussed in this study.

show abstract

“…The composition of the exhaust gases was determined using an automotive gas analysing system (Horiba MEXA9100 HEGR), consisting of a chemiluminescence analyser for NO x , non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analysers for CO and CO 2 , a flame ionisation detector for unburned hydrocarbons and a magnetopneumatic gas analyser for O 2 . The number and size of particulates in the exhaust gases was determined using a differential mobility particle spectrometer (Cambustion DMS500) [13]. The particulate sampling probe was heated to 65°C and a two-stage dilution process was used having a primary dilution ratio of 1:4, and a secondary dilution ratio of 1:35.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several of these occurred at a chemical shift indicating oxidation products. The 1 H NMR spectrum was completely dominated by the intense resonances from protonated 1-hexene, but additional two-dimensional (2D) 1 H-1 H-TOCSY, 13 C-HSQC, and 13 C-HMBC experiments could still allow for spin system characterisation and tentative identification of three of the four main reaction products, as formic acid, 1-pentanal, and 1,2-epoxypentane. For a fourth main reaction product, the NMR data did not provide conclusive evidence for identification.…”

Section: Fuel Nmr Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

1-hexene autoignition control by prior reaction with ozone

Schönborn

Hellier

Ladommatos

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The autoignition timing of 1-hexene was controlled in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine by reacting the fuel with ozone-containing air prior to its combustion. The experiments were conducted in a single cylinder research engine instrumented with a cylinder pressure sensor. The fuel was chemically characterised using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy before and after its reaction with ozone. The NMR analyses showed that this preliminary reaction produced several oxygenated products within the fuel, and was likely to have resulted in the formation of ozonide molecules having a peroxidic structure with several oxygen molecules in series. To understand how this would affect the ignition reactions, the ignition process was modelled numerically using a single-zone chemical kinetic reactor model. The modelling suggested that peroxide molecules decomposed during the compression of the reactants in the engine and advanced ignition timing by promoting early decomposition of the fuel through the formation of radicals.

show abstract

Diesel soot mass calculation in real-time with a differential mobility spectrometer

Cited by 133 publications

References 30 publications

Numerical investigation of soot mass concentration in compression ignition diesel engine

Numerical investigation of soot mass concentration in compression ignition diesel engine

Characteristics of Atmospheric Elemental Carbon (Char and Soot) in Ultrafine and Fine Particles in a Roadside Environment, Japan

1-hexene autoignition control by prior reaction with ozone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About