Diesel fuels from biomass

Abstract

The demand for transportation fuels - gasoline (for cars), diesel (for trucks and cars), and kerosene (for aircraft) - is predicted to increase. The fastest growth will be observed for kerosene, in competition with diesel, inducing constraints on diesel. At the same time, all of these fuels are derived mainly from oil (more than 95 %), thus generating growing, uncontrolled CO2 emissions. Therefore, production of diesel derived from biomass (the so-called biodiesel) appears as a major objective. In this paper, we describe the existing industrial processes, discuss the possible improvements, and present the new routes (the "second-generation" processes) under development that will allow biodiesel to gain a significant percentage of the diesel (and maybe of middle distillates) pool.

Torrefaction as a Pretreatment Technology for Chlorine Elimination from Biomass: A Case Study Using Eucalyptus globulus Labill

“…IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) defines biomass as a material produced by the growth of microorganisms, plants, or animals, which can be used to produce energy [21]. In 2017, total energy production worldwide was 14 Mtoe, being biomass responsible for 10% of that value [22].…”

An overview of catalytic conversion of vegetable oils/fats into middle distillates

“…The gas by-product propane is feedstock for the petrochemical industry and also used as motor fuel. 57 A large variety of vegetable oils, including edible, non-edible and animal fats, can be processed to yield the same high quality diesel product. Finally, co-processing with crude oil-derived middle distillates is possible and even favorable.…”

Prioritizing regionalization to enhance interpretation in consequential life cycle assessment: application to alternative transportation scenarios using partial equilibrium economic modeling

“…• If no ecoinvent process fits with the affected process, we create a new dataset based on data available in the literature. It was the case for ethanol tailpipe emissions (Dardiotis et al 2015), new generation biofuel plants (MIRET model data), some biofuel production inputs (enzyme production (French National Research Agency 2017), catalyst production (Colling et al 1996;Bournay et al 2005;Casanave et al 2007;Monnier et al 2010;Battiston et al 2014)).…”