Diesel Fuel-Aqueous Ethanol Microemulsions

Schwab, W; Fattore, R. S.; Pryde, E. H.

doi:10.1080/01932698208943624

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The problem of water in dieselalcohol mixtures is solved in a number of patents aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitropolyaromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) produced during the com-[7-11], which include the use of surfactants. The problem of using lower alcohols in diesel fuel is bustion of the mixed fuel demonstrated that the addition of 20 per cent methyl esters of higher solved by the creation of microemulsions stabilized by surfactants [12,13]. Also, fatty acids and organic fatty acids to a standard diesel fuel results in a lower emission of the PAH and NPAH compounds ethers have been added to the mixtures of diesel and the lower alcohols [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Fuel for a Standard Diesel Engine

Hull¹,

Golubkov²,

Kronberg³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Engine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alternative fuels have been developed for the commercial diesel products Mk1 and EN590. Appropriate additives were selected from a broad range of oxygenates including alcohols, acetals, ethers, esters, and nitrates by a process of systematic elimination. The resulting fuels called Biodiesel 15 meet all existing standards in force for diesel fuel, are stable, and have similar performance characteristics to standard diesel. Significantly Biodiesel 15 is much cleaner than standard diesel with around 30 per cent or more reductions in particulate matter in the exhaust emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are much lower with Biodiesel 15 than with standard diesel products. Other regulated emissions are on a par with Mk1. The fuel consumption of Biodiesel 15 is 2 per cent lower than that of conventional Mk1.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Fuel for a Standard Diesel Engine

Hull¹,

Golubkov²,

Kronberg³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Engine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Apparently, water acts as a heat sink to reduce the temperature of combustion, resulting in a decrease of NO x and other harmful products in the exhaust. Alcohols such as methanol and ethanol can also reduce the temperature of combustion (33,(35)(36)(37). Thus, evidence suggests combustion of vegetable oil/A/methanol (or ethanol) blends should yield similar reductions in harmful exhaust emissions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐temperature phase behavior of vegetable oil/co‐solvent blends as alternative diesel fuel

Dunn

Bagby

2000

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vegetable oils (triacylglycerols) have many characteristics that make them attractive candidates as renewable alternative fuels for compression-ignition (diesel) engines. Unfortunately, vegetable oils are too viscous to be compatible with modern direct-injection diesel fuel systems and engines. Co-solvent blending is a simple and flexible technology that reduces viscosity by mixing the oil with low molecular weight alcohol. A co-solvent (A), consisting of surfactant plus an amphiphilic compound, is added to solubilize otherwise nearly immiscible oil-alcohol mixtures into a single-layer (isotropic) solution. This work examines low-temperature phase behavior of two soybean oil (SBO)/methanol mixtures solubilized by A = unsaturated long-chain (C 18 ) fatty alcohol/medium-chain alkanol (n-butanol and 2-octanol), one SBO/methanol mixture solubilized by A = triethylammonium linoleate/2-octanol, and one SBO/95 wt% ethanol (E95) mixture solubilized by n-butanol. The E95-blend was further blended in 1:1 (vol/vol) mixtures with No. 2 diesel fuel. Two types of anisotropic phase behavior were observed; formation of a cloudy layer of solid crystals suspended in bulk solution (Type I) and formation of two immiscible liquid layers (Type II). The type of phase separation in a given solution was influenced by phase separation temperature (T ϕ ) relative to the crystallization characteristics of compounds in the SBO and fatty alcohol or amine constituents present in solution. Solutions with relatively low T ϕ values experienced crystallization of small solid particles favoring Type I separations. Conversely, solutions with T ϕ sufficient to avert crystallization of high melting point compounds favored Type II separations where T ϕ = critical solution temperature (T critical ). Increasing the A/oil (SBO or No. 2 diesel/SBO mixture) mass ratio decreased T ϕ while increasing the mass fraction of alcohol (methanol or E95) increased T ϕ . This work shows that vegetable oil/A-based blends can be formulated with cold flow properties superior with respect to cloud point and comparable with respect to kinematic viscosity (ν) of methyl soyate (biodiesel), either neat or blended with petroleum middle distillates.Paper no. J9269 in JAOCS 77, 1315 -1323 (December 2000.KEY WORDS:-Alternative diesel fuels, anisotropic phase behavior, cloud point, co-solvency, kinematic viscosity, phase separation temperature.Over the past two decades, interest in developing vegetable oil (triacylglycerol)-based alternative fuels for combustion in compression ignition (diesel) engines has steadily increased. During the early 1980s, engine tests showed that combustion of neat vegetable oils caused durability problems relating to incomplete combustion such as nozzle coking, engine deposits, ring sticking, and contamination of crankcase lubricant (1-5). These problems were traced to poor fuel atomization aggravated by relatively high kinematic viscosities (ν) of the vegetable oils (6). Subsequent emphasis was placed on developing conversion technologies to reduce...

show abstract

“… 7 Many reports state that as a polar compound ethanol’s solubility in diesel is affected by temperature and water content. 14 , 15 Thus, an emulsifier and a co-surfactant should be added into diesel to obtain a homogeneous blend. 16 , 17 Shahir et al 7 recommended that biodiesel could address these problems of solubility in diesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Using Diesel–Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Ethyl Ester–Hydrous Ethanol Blend in an Unmodified Direct Injection Diesel Engine: An Assessment of Stability, Fuel Properties, and Emissions

Thawornprasert

Somnuk

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This research focuses on the feasibility of using diesel–palm fatty acid distillate ethyl ester (PFADE)–ethanol in a direct injection diesel engine without any major modifications. Hydrous ethanol was selected for blending in diesel to produce diesohol. The palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and PFADE were directly blended in ethanol and diesel. A comparative study of the phase stability in diesel–PFAD–hydrous ethanol and diesel–PFADE–hydrous ethanol was performed with varied blend proportions. The fuel properties, emissions (CO, CO 2 , NO x , O 2 , exhaust gas temperature), and fuel consumptions of diesel, PFADE, diesel–PFADE–hydrous ethanol were compared to evaluate the feasibilities of these fuel blends in a diesel engine at the engine speeds 1100, 1400, 1700, 2000, and 2300 rpm. At 2300 rpm, the maximum CO 2 emission with 10 wt % hydrous ethanol in the blend was approximately 2%. With regard to fuel consumption, clearly, 20 wt % diesohol gave higher consumption than 10 wt % ethanol at a maximum engine speed of 2300 rpm. The blend D50PE40E10 gave the lowest fuel consumption, while the maximum fuel consumption was with the D10PE70E20 blend. Therefore, both 10 and 20 wt % hydrous ethanol in the diesel fuel are alternatives usable in a diesel engine without modifications.

show abstract

Diesel Fuel-Aqueous Ethanol Microemulsions

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Alternative Fuel for a Standard Diesel Engine

Alternative Fuel for a Standard Diesel Engine

Low‐temperature phase behavior of vegetable oil/co‐solvent blends as alternative diesel fuel

Feasibility of Using Diesel–Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Ethyl Ester–Hydrous Ethanol Blend in an Unmodified Direct Injection Diesel Engine: An Assessment of Stability, Fuel Properties, and Emissions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About