Diesel exhaust inhalation does not affect heart rhythm or heart rate variability

Mills, Nicholas L; Finlayson, Alexander; Gonzalez, Manuel; Törnqvist, Håkan; Barath, Stefan; Vink, Elen; Goudie, Colin; Langrish, Jeremy P.; Söderberg, Stefan; Boon, Nicholas A.; Fox, Keith A.A.; Donaldson, Ken; Sandström, Thomas; Blomberg, Anders; Newby, David E.

doi:10.1136/hrt.2010.199042

Cited by 69 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Hence, the association between HRV and PM exposure is not only seen in susceptible subgroups. Contrary to our meta-analysis, a recent experimental study9 found no effects of dilute diesel exhaust inhalation for 1 h on heart rhythm and HRV in healthy volunteers or in an ‘at-risk’ population of patients with stable coronary heart disease. Explanations for the discrepancy between these epidemiological data and negative results in controlled conditions may include too short exposure and difference pollution mixture.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced HRV has been associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction among the population7 and has been considered as a predictor of increased risk of mortality in patients with heart failure 8. The importance of this pathway is still under debate 9 10. Here we determine whether all the available observational data up to February 2012 support a positive association and how strong such a relationship between HRV and particulate air pollution may be.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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An epidemiological appraisal of the association between heart rate variability and particulate air pollution: a meta-analysis

Pieters

Plusquin

Cox

et al. 2012

Heart

152

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ObjectiveStudies on the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and heart rate variability (HRV) suggest that particulate matter (PM) exposure is associated with reductions in measures of HRV, but there is heterogeneity in the nature and magnitude of this association between studies. The authors performed a meta-analysis to determine how consistent this association is.Data sourceThe authors searched the Pubmed citation database and Web of Knowledge to identify studies on HRV and PM.Study selectionOf the epidemiologic studies reviewed, 29 provided sufficient details to be considered. The meta-analysis included 18667 subjects recruited from the population in surveys, studies from patient groups, and from occupationally exposed groups.Data extractionTwo investigators read all papers and computerised all relevant information.ResultsThe authors computed pooled estimates from a random-effects model. In the combined studies, an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with significant reductions in the time-domain measurements, including low frequency (−1.66%, 95% CI −2.58% to −0.74%) and high frequency (−2.44%, 95% CI −3.76% to −1.12%) and in frequency-domain measurements, for SDNN (−0.12%, 95% CI −0.22% to −0.03%) and for rMSSD (−2.18%, 95% CI −3.33% to −1.03%). Funnel plots suggested that no publication bias was present and a sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of our combined estimates.ConclusionThe meta-analysis supports an inverse relationship between HRV, a marker for a worse cardiovascular prognosis, and particulate air pollution.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

An epidemiological appraisal of the association between heart rate variability and particulate air pollution: a meta-analysis

Pieters

Plusquin

Cox

et al. 2012

Heart

152

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“…Mills et al (2007) reported that exposure of men with previous myocardial infarction (MI) to DE at 300 mg PM/m 3 increased exercise-induced depression of the S-T segment of the electrocardiogram. However, the same group (Mills et al, 2011) did not reproduce the finding in a later study of both normal subjects and men with previous MI exposed to the same concentration of DE. There are no reports of the effects of GE, WS or a mixture similar to CE on heart rate and rhythm of humans or animals.…”

Section: Heart Rate and Rhythm In Shr Ratscontrasting

confidence: 59%

The National Environmental Respiratory Center (NERC) experiment in multi-pollutant air quality health research: II. Comparison of responses to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts, hardwood smoke and simulated downwind coal emissions

Mauderly

Barrett

Day

et al. 2014

Inhalation Toxicology

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The NERC Program conducted identically designed exposure-response studies of the respiratory and cardiovascular responses of rodents exposed by inhalation for up to 6 months to diesel and gasoline exhausts (DE, GE), wood smoke (WS) and simulated downwind coal emissions (CE). Concentrations of the four combustion-derived mixtures ranged from near upper bound plausible to common occupational and environmental hotspot levels. An "exposure effect" statistic was created to compare the strengths of exposure-response relationships and adjustments were made to minimize false positives among the large number of comparisons. All four exposures caused statistically significant effects. No exposure caused overt illness, neutrophilic lung inflammation, increased circulating micronuclei or histopathology of major organs visible by light microscopy. DE and GE caused the greatest lung cytotoxicity. WS elicited the most responses in lung lavage fluid. All exposures reduced oxidant production by unstimulated alveolar macrophages, but only GE suppressed stimulated macrophages. Only DE retarded clearance of bacteria from the lung. DE before antigen challenge suppressed responses of allergic mice. CE tended to amplify allergic responses regardless of exposure order. GE and DE induced oxidant stress and pro-atherosclerotic responses in aorta; WS and CE had no such effects. No overall ranking of toxicity was plausible. The ranking of exposures by number of significant responses varied among the response models, with each of the four causing the most responses for at least one model. Each exposure could also be deemed most or least toxic depending on the exposure metric used for comparison. The database is available for additional analyses.

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“…Changes in heart rate variability have been studied. A link between such changes and pulmonary inflammation has been suggested (McQueen et al 2007, Pieters et al 2012, Mills et al 2010Schneider et al 2010;Robertson et al 2014;Chuang et al 2007;Rhoden et al 2005).…”

Section: Evidence Speculations and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects on health of ambient particles: time for an agonizing reappraisal?

Maynard

2015

Cell Biol Toxicol

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Diesel exhaust inhalation does not affect heart rhythm or heart rate variability

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

An epidemiological appraisal of the association between heart rate variability and particulate air pollution: a meta-analysis

An epidemiological appraisal of the association between heart rate variability and particulate air pollution: a meta-analysis

The National Environmental Respiratory Center (NERC) experiment in multi-pollutant air quality health research: II. Comparison of responses to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts, hardwood smoke and simulated downwind coal emissions

The effects on health of ambient particles: time for an agonizing reappraisal?

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