“…With fossil fuels serving as the primary energy source for the foreseeable future, it is critical that the fuel efficiency of the vehicular fleet be increased at minimal cost to the economy. Diesel‐powered vehicles offer improved fuel efficiency compared to their spark‐ignited, gasoline‐powered counterparts (Clerc, 1996; Diesel Technology Forum, 2001; Farrauto and Voss, 1996; Frost and Smedler, 1995; Herzog, 1997; Lox et al, 1990). However, diesel engine exhaust has many adverse environmental effects because of the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and SO 2 .…”