Diesel Car Emissions - Emphasis on Particulate and Sulfate

Springer, Karl J.; Stahman, Ralph C.

doi:10.4271/770254

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Results of the diesel sulfate speciation experiments are presented in Table II. SO2 -1 SO42-conversions range between 1.2 and 1.6% for the three vehicles tested and are comparable to results reported by other workers (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). In all cases a All emission results normalized to 0.03 wt % S in fuel.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Diesel fuel contains on the average 0.2 wt % sulfur (1), or almost an order of magnitude more than gasoline (2). About 2% of the fuel sulfur burned in diesel engines is emitted as sulfate (SO42-) (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), more or less independently of engine type or operating mode. SO42-usually comprises several percent, by mass, of the total airborne exhaust particulate matter (3, 5,8,10-14) from a diesel system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfate in diesel exhaust

Truex¹,

Pierson²,

McKee³

1980

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfate in diesel exhaust

Truex¹,

Pierson²,

McKee³

1980

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The observation regarding the absence of metals in the sample is in agreement with that found by Braddock and Gabele (7). The observed sulfate content is somewhat lower than those (2-3%) reported previously (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). However, in all previous investigations the sample was diluted and, hence cooled, before it was collected and analyzed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Only a few investigators studied emissions from light duty diesel engines, with the main emphasis on the measurements of smoke, odor, sulfate, and gaseous emissions (1-9). Less attention has been paid to particulate emission; the previous investigations focused on the amount of particulate matter emitted under various driving cycles (6)(7)(8). Data showing the direct effects of engine speed and load on particle mass emission, size distribution, and smoke emission have not yet been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle and smoke emission from a light duty diesel engine

Ander.¹,

Loos²,

Springer³

1977

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Particulate and smoke emissions were studied in the exhaust of a Mercedes Benz type OM 616 diesel engine. The weight and size distribution of the particulate matter emitted and the intensity of the smoke were measured at different engine loads and at various constant speeds in the range 35-96 km h_1. The level of the particulates emitted during a simulated seven-mode Federal Test Procedure was also determined. The results showed that both the particulate and smoke emissions were highly dependent on engine speed and load. The particulate matter collected was analyzed for its chemical composition, showing that 60-75 wt % of the particulate matter was organic compounds.

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“…Diesel exhaust is characterized by levels of paniculate which are 20-100 times higher than those found in gasoline exhaust [Springer and Stahman, 1977]. This paniculate is a product of the high temperatures of diesel engines and is primarily made up of elemental carbon.…”

Section: Animal Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer and diesel exhaust: A review

Steenland

1986

American J Industrial Med

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The evidence from animal studies indicates that organic extracts of diesel particulate are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Of four animal inhalation studies, two have been positive and two have been largely negative. The most recent data indicate that inhalation studies may be positive only with high doses of exhaust. Human studies of diesel-exposed occupations have been inconclusive. These studies have focused on truck drivers, bus drivers and garage workers, railroad workers, and heavy equipment operators. Most human studies have not been able to estimate exposure to diesel exhaust. Negative studies have frequently suffered from insufficient potential latency. Positive studies have often failed to control for smoking, and have sometimes involved confounding occupational exposures. In general, the occupational epidemiology of diesel-exposed workers is made difficult by the fact that many of the suspected toxic components of diesel-exhaust are also present in cigarette smoke and in ambient air. There are two ongoing epidemiologic studies in the United States, focusing on railway workers and truck drivers, which attempt to overcome prior difficulties. Preliminary data from the study of truck drivers indicates an excess of lung cancer among workers in the trucking industry compared to the U.S. population, but these data need to be controlled for smoking and analyzed according to diesel exposure.

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Diesel Car Emissions - Emphasis on Particulate and Sulfate

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Sulfate in diesel exhaust

Sulfate in diesel exhaust

Particle and smoke emission from a light duty diesel engine

Lung cancer and diesel exhaust: A review

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