Diesel blends produced via emulsification of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude from food waste

Synergetic biofuel production from co-pyrolysis of food and plastic waste: reaction kinetics and product behavior

“…Several approaches have been developed to utilize food waste to produce heat, power, biogas, biochar, bio-oil, and other important products using incineration [ 9 ], gasification [ 10 , 11 ], hydrothermal liquefaction [ 12 , 13 ], and pyrolysis [ 14 , 15 ]. However, incineration creates unpleasant gases and ash; gasification requires a lot of energy and has a high operating cost; and hydrothermal liquefaction has a high capital cost (expensive autoclaves), insufficient protection, and an unobservable reaction process [ 16 ].…”

The Effects of Distillation Temperature and Plastic Loading on the Improvement of Waste-Derived Bio-Oil Properties

“…The material decomposes into gas, bio-oil, and solid hydrocarbons during the pyrolysis process, which thermally decomposes organic molecules in an inert environment while anaerobically modifying their structure at a comfortable temperature (300-800 °C) Compared to paper waste and other biomass, plastic waste has a lower water content since it does not absorb water. Additionally, plastic has a calorific value comparable to fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel [2]. Plastic polymers can be divided into three primary categories: polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene.…”

“…The quality of bio-oil can be improved by various processes, one of which is upgrading with a vacuum distillation process. The use of catalysts in the process of upgrading the quality of bio-oil has been widely carried out by previous researchers [2], [6][7][8] , but the improvement of the quality of bio-oil through the vacuum distillation process has not been widely carried out.…”

Pilot-Scale Continuous Plug-Flow Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Waste for Biocrude Production

“…The current pilot-scale reactor was developed based on a literature review and the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign (UIUC) team’s own experience on HTL of biomass waste, from batch to continuous and from lab scale to pilot scale. HTL of biowaste aims at not only producing biocrude oil but also mitigating the negative environmental effects of conventional biowaste disposal, such as greenhouse gas emissions and leachate during degradation in landfills . In 2000, He et al − reported conversion of swine manure into biocrude oil with a lab-scale batch reactor.…”

“…HTL of biowaste aims at not only producing biocrude oil but also mitigating the negative environmental effects of conventional biowaste disposal, such as greenhouse gas emissions and leachate during degradation in landfills. 23 In 2000, He et al 24−27 reported conversion of swine manure into biocrude oil with a lab-scale batch reactor. Based on the batch test, Ocfemia et al 28,29 developed and evaluated a continuous stirred tank reactor with a processing capacity of 2 L/h to convert swine manure into biocrude oil.…”