Dielectric Study of Bound Water in Grain at Radio and Microwave Frequencies

Serdyuk, Vladimir M.

doi:10.2528/pier08081103

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Above 25% moisture the dielectric loss factor increases rapidly and linearly with increasing moisture content, due to the dominance of free water and the polarizability of the dipoles within it. Below 12% moisture content, the dielectric loss suggest a non-linear response with increasing moisture content, as previously observed for similar agri-food materials (Serdyuk 2008), attributable to the dominance of water bound to the malt structure which has a low extent of polarizability. Similar trends are seen in the dielectric properties of hard red winter wheat as measured by Nelson (1976).…”

Section: Bulk Microwave Measurementssupporting

confidence: 49%

Electromagnetic Heating for Industrial Kilning of Malt: a Feasibility Study

Ferrari

Katrib

Zerva

et al. 2016

Food Bioprocess Technol

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Industrial malting operations use ~800kWh/t of energy to produce the heat required to kiln malt. Electromagnetic heating technologies are suggested as a way to potentially improve the energy efficiency of the kilning processing. In this work, the potential for using electromagnetic heating to dry malt to commercially acceptable moisture levels, whilst preserving the activity of enzymes critical for downstream brewing processes is investigated. The 2450 MHz bulk dielectric properties of malt at moisture contents consistent with those occurring at different points in the kilning process are evaluated; 12% is shown to be a critical moisture level below which drying becomes more energy intensive.Calculated penetration depths of electromagnetic energy in malt at radio frequency are 100 fold higher than at microwave frequencies, showing a significant advantage for commercial scale batch processing. The moisture contents and alpha and beta amylase activity of malt subjected to RF heating at different temperatures, treatment times and RF energy inputs in the intermediate and bound water drying regions were determined. It is shown for the first time that whilst significantly reduced process times are attainable, significant energy efficiency improvements compared to conventional kilning can only be achieved at higher product temperatures and thus at the expense of enzyme survival.It is suggested that RF heating may be feasible where higher bulk temperatures are not critical for downstream use of the material or when used in hybrid systems. 1 IntroductionBy 2030, it is predicted that global population growth will increase food production demands by 50% and energy demands by 45% (Beddington 2009). Consequently, food and energy security is high on the agenda of many governments (Tassou et al. 2014). The UK Government's Climate Change Agreements (CCA) scheme has been implemented to provide discounts on the Climate Change Levy (CCL) for energy intensive industries that meet targets for reduced energy use and CO2 emissions.The UK malting sector has targeted a 4.7% improvement in energy efficiency by 2020 (DEFRA 2013). This is in addition to a 12% target saving from 1999 to 2010. UK maltsters currently consume some 1375 GWh of secondary energy a year in the production of around 1.5 million tonnes of malt; at least 78% of this energy is used to provide heat

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Section: Bulk Microwave Measurementssupporting

confidence: 49%

Electromagnetic Heating for Industrial Kilning of Malt: a Feasibility Study

Ferrari

Katrib

Zerva

et al. 2016

Food Bioprocess Technol

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“…Radio-over-fiber (ROF), the integration of optical and wireless systems [1][2][3][4], is an attractive solution for increasing the transmission capacity and flexibility, as well as offering economic advantage due to its broad bandwidth and low attenuation characteristics. In general, the conventional optical double sideband (DSB) modulation technique is employed in ROF transport systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Employ Soa-Based Optical SSB Modulation Technique in Full-Duplex Rof Transport Systems

Ying¹,

Lu²,

Tsai³

et al. 2009

PIER Letters

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Abstract-A full-duplex radio-over-fiber (ROF) transport system employing semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based optical single sideband (SSB) modulation technique is proposed and demonstrated. For our proposed approach, it is relatively simple to implement as it requires only one SOA to generate optical SSB signal. Over an-80 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission, low bit error rate (BER), clear eye diagram, and low third-order intermodulation distortion to carrier ratio (IMD 3 /C) were achieved. Our proposed full-duplex ROF transport systems are suitable for the long-haul microwave optical links.

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“…The spatial resolution is limited as a result of the inherent ill-posedness of the inverse problem and the existence of modeling and measurement errors and limited number of independent measurements. Various new and emerging imaging techniques, such as microwave imaging, acoustic imaging, optical imaging [2,3,5,6,14,25] all lead to similar ill-posed inverse problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Dimensional Electrical Capacitance Tomography Imaging Using Experimental Data

Soleimani¹,

Mitchell²,

Banasiak³

et al. 2009

PIER

133

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Abstract-Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a relatively mature non-invasive imaging technique that attempts to map dielectric permittivity of materials. ECT has become a promising monitoring technique in industrial process tomography especially in fast flow visualization. One of the most challenging tasks in further development of ECT for real applications are the computational aspects of the ECT imaging. Recently, 3D ECT has gained interest because of its potential to generate volumetric images. Computational time of image reconstruction in 3D ECT makes it more difficult for real time applications. In this paper, we present a robust and computationally efficient 4D image reconstruction algorithm applied to real ECT data. The method takes advantage of temporal correlation between 3D ECT frames to reconstruct movies 4D of dielectric maps. Image reconstruction results are presented for the proposed algorithms for experimental ECT data of a rapidly moving object.Corresponding author: M. Soleimani (m.soleimani@bath.ac.uk). 172Soleimani et al.

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Dielectric Study of Bound Water in Grain at Radio and Microwave Frequencies

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Electromagnetic Heating for Industrial Kilning of Malt: a Feasibility Study

Electromagnetic Heating for Industrial Kilning of Malt: a Feasibility Study

To Employ Soa-Based Optical SSB Modulation Technique in Full-Duplex Rof Transport Systems

Four-Dimensional Electrical Capacitance Tomography Imaging Using Experimental Data

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